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The Education of Language Minority Immigrants in the United States BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND BILINGUALISM Series Editors: Nancy H. Hornberger, University of Pennsylvania, USA and Colin Baker, Bangor University, Wales, UK Bilingual Education and Bilingualism is an international, multidisciplinary series publishing research on the philosophy, politics, policy, provision and practice of language planning, global English, indigenous and minority language education, multilingualism, multiculturalism, biliteracy, bilingualism and bilingual education. The series aims to mirror current debates and discussions. Full details of all the books in this series and of all our other publications can be found on http://www.multilingual-matters.com, or by writing to Multilingual Matters, St Nicholas House, 31-34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK. BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND BILINGUALISM Series Editors: Nancy H. Hornberger and Colin Baker The Education of Language Minority Immigrants in the United States Edited by Terrence G. Wiley, Jin Sook Lee and Russell W. Rumberger MULTILINGUAL MATTERS Bristol • Buffalo • Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. The Education of Language Minority Immigrants in the United States by Terrence G. Wiley, Jin Sook Lee and Russell W. Rumberger. Bilingual Education & Bilingualism: 74. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Education, Bilingual--United States. 2. Sociolinguistics--United States. 3. Multilingualism--United States. I. Wiley, Terrence G. II. Lee, Jin Sook, 1970III. Rumberger, Russell W. LC3731.E395 2009 371.8290073 2009026152 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13: 978-1-84769-211-5 (hbk) ISBN-13: 978-1-84769-210-8 (pbk) Multilingual Matters UK: St Nicholas House, 31–34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK. USA: UTP, 2250 Military Road, Tonawanda, NY 14150, USA. Canada: UTP, 5201 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario M3H 5T8, Canada. Copyright © 2009 Terrence G. Wiley, Jin Sook Lee and Russell W. Rumberger and the authors of individual chapters. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. The policy of Multilingual Matters/Channel View Publications is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products, made from wood grown in sustainable forests. In the manufacturing process of our books, and to further support our policy, preference is given to printers that have FSC and PEFC Chain of Custody certification. The FSC and/or PEFC logos will appear on those books where full certification has been granted to the printer concerned. Typeset by Techset Composition Ltd., Salisbury, UK. Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group. Contents Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Terrence G. Wiley and Jin Sook Lee 1 A Language Graveyard? The Evolution of Language Competencies, Preferences and Use among Young Adult Children of Immigrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Rubén G. Rumbaut 2 The Economics of Language for Immigrants: An Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Barry R. Chiswick 3 Immigration, Race and Higher Education Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Christine Qi Liu, Robert H. Tai and Xitao Fan 4 Immigrant Youth in High School: Understanding Educational Outcomes for Students of Mexican Orig