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Ad Fontes Texts and Editions for New Testament Study Edited by Stanley E. Porter and Wendy J. Porter VOLUME 3 Ad Fontes Original Manuscripts and Their Signi cance for Studying Early Christianity— Selected Essays by Thomas J. Kraus LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Texts and Editions for New Testament Study (TENTS) Edited by Stanley E. Porter and Wendy J. Porter Texts and Editions for New Testament Study is designed to offer texts and editions, with commentary and comment, of important sources for the study of the New Testament and its world. Primary sources are envisioned as a mainstay of the series, in which documents that enlighten and support New Testament study are published in de nitive, accessible and informative editions, often with supporting commentary. Collections of essays and monographs that focus upon these types of important sources are also welcome, as they advance the scholarly discussion. The series is designed for scholars and is meant to push discussion forward by providing access to, and engagement with, primary sources and the latest critical scholarship. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISSN 1574-7085 ISBN 978 90 04 16182 5 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands To my heart and love, Linda , , . Whoever cannot seek the unforeseen, won’t discover it, for it is untraceable then and remains inaccessible. Heraclitus (according to: Clement of Alexandria, Stromata 2.17.4) CONTENTS Preface ......................................................................................... Acknowledgements ..................................................................... Abbreviations .............................................................................. xi xiii xvii Chapter One ‘Why am I doing what I do?’ Introducing my Work on Manuscripts and Ordering the Essays according to Topics and Approach ........................................ 1 Chapter Two ‘Parchment or Papyrus?’: Some Remarks about the Signi cance of Writing Material when Assessing Manuscripts ............................................................. 13 Chapter Three Ad fontes—The Bene t of the Consultation of Original Manuscripts as for instance P.Vindob.G 31974 .... 25 Chapter Four P.Oxy. V 840—Amulet or Miniature Codex? Principal and Additional Remarks on Two Terms ................ 47 Chapter Five P.Vindob.G 2325: The So-called Fayûm-Gospel—Re-edition and Some Critical Conclusions ............................................................................. 69 Chapter Six P.Vindob.G 35835 (former 26132a)—Notes on the Last Judgment ................................................................... 95 Chapter Seven (Il)Literacy in Non-literary Papyri from Graeco-Roman Egypt: Further Aspects to the Educational Ideal in Ancient Literary Sources and M