Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 34 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY Edited by J.H.S. BLAXTER Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory, Oban, Scotland A.J. SOUTHWARD Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, England and P.A. TYLER School of Ocean Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, England ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper Copyright 0 1998 by ACADEMIC PRESS with the exception of Appendices 1,2 and 3 on pages 179 to 199 which are copyright 0Joyeux and Ward All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press 24-28 Oval Road, London NWl 7DX, UK http://www. hbuk.co.uk/ap/ Academic Press 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com ISBN 0-12-026134-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset by Keyword Typesetting Services Ltd, Wallington Printed in Great Britain by MPG Books Limited, Bodmin, Cornwall 98 99 00 01 02 03 MP 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 34 M.S. DAVIES, Ecology Centre, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SRI 3SD, UK S.J. HAWKINS, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 lBJ, UK S . JENNINGS, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK J.C. JOYEUX, North Carolina State University, Department of Zoology, box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA (Present address: Universite‘ Montpellier It Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie Marine et Continentale, CNRS U M R 5556, case 093, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France) M.J. KAISER, School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5EY, UK A.G. MCARTHUR, Josephine Bay Paul Centre for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, M A 02543-1015, USA D. MCHUGH, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, M A 02138, USA V. TUNNICLIFFE, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 3N5 A.B. WARD,North Carolina State University, D.H. Hill Library, Box 7111, Raleigh, N C 27695, USA This Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 34 ...................................... V Mucus from Marine Molluscs M.S. Davies and S.J. Hawkins 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Composition of Mucus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties of Mucus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mucus Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functions of Mucus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mucus in Molluscan Energy Budgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ecology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ 2 4 8 9 23 35 43 50