Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY edited b y A. H. ROSE D. W. TEMPEST School of Biological Sciences Bath University Bath, England Department of Microbiology University of Shyfield Sheffield, England Volume 26 1985 ACADEMIC PRESS (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, P14hlishers) London Orlando San Diego New York Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo COPYRIGHT 0 1985 BY ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING. OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road LONDONNWI 7DX United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. Orlando, Florida 32887 ISBN 0-1 2-027726-3 ISSN 0065-2911 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85 86 87 88 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I Contents Nitrogen Catabolite Repression in Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi by JEAN-MARIE WIAME. MARCELLE GRENSON. and HERBERT N. ARST J R . 1. I1 . III . IV . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . Nitrogen Catabolite Repression in Succ~harc~myc~es crrruisicie Nitrogen Metabolite Repression in Filamentous Fungi . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . Note Added in Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 57 78 79 88 Sexual Agglutination in Chlamydomonads by H. VAN DEN ENDE 1. I1 . Ill . IV . V. VI . Introduction . . . . . . The Mating System . . . . The Mating Process . . . . The Specificity of Sexual Agglutination Dynamics of Sexual Agglutination . Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 90 91 . 102 . 111 . 119 . 119 The Energy Flow in Bacteria: The Main Free Energy Intermediates and Their Regulatory Role by K. J . HELLINGWERF and W . N. KONINGS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . The Energy Circuit in Bacteria . . . . . . . Energy Transduction in the Cytoplasmic Membrane . . . Regulation by Energy Intermediates . . . . . . Homoeostasis in the Magnitude of Free Energy Intermediates . V1 . Conclusions and Perspectives . . . . . . . VII . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . I. I1 . Ill. 1V . V. . . . . . . . . 125 126 130 138 146 148 149 150 vi CONTENTS Hydrogenase. Nitrogenase. and Hydrogen Metabolism in the Photosynthetic Bacteria by PAULETTE M. VIGNAIS. ANNETTE COLBEAU. JOHN C . WILLISON. and YVES JOUANNEAU 1. Introduction . I1. The Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Hydrogen Utilization and Production by Photosynthetic Bacteria IV . Hydrogenase . . . . . . . . . . V . Nitrogenase . . . . . . . . . . . V1 . Genetics of Hydrogen Production and Utilization . . . VII . Use of Photosynthetic Bacteria as Biological Solar Energy . . . . . . . . . . Converters . VIII . Summary and Prospects . . . . . . . . IX . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note Added in Proof . . 156 . 156 . 162 . 174 . 190 . 204 . . . . . 210 218 220 220 234 Biochemistry and Physiology of Bioluminescent Bacteria by J. WOODLAND HASTINGS. CATHERINE J . POT