Innervation Of The Mammalian Esophagus (advances In Anatomy, Embryology And Cell Biology)

Preparing link to download Please wait... Download

E-Book Overview

The esophagus is a relatively simple though vital organ. Beyond its role of propelling food from the pharynx to the stomach by a propulsive contraction wave representing the esophageal phase of deglutition, it is more and more recognized as a sensory organ from which a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes can be triggered, thus cooperating with the larynx in protecting the lower airways from aspiration. In ruminants, there is additional antiperistalsis for regurgitation. During emesis, the esophagus is a merely passive conduit except for some antiperistalsis in its upper part. In the interval between swallows, both oral and aboral ends of the esophagus are tonically closed by the upper and lower esophageal sphincters, UES and LES respectively, while the tubular esophagus is flaccid and partly filled with air. Despite this apparent simplicity, neuronal control of esophageal functions is considerably complex.

E-Book Content

185 Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Editors F. F. Beck, Melbourne · B. Christ, Freiburg F. Clascá, Madrid · D. E. Haines, Jackson H.-W. Korf, Frankfurt · W. Kummer, Giessen E. Marani, Leiden · R. Putz, München Y. Sano, Kyoto · T. H. Schiebler, Würzburg K. Zilles, Düsseldorf W.L. Neuhuber · M. Raab · H.-R. Berthoud · J. Wörl Innervation of the Mammalian Esophagus With 14 Figures 123 Prof. Dr. Winfried L. Neuhuber Dr. Marion Raab Dr. Jürgen Wörl Institute of Anatomy University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Krankenhausstr. 9 91054 Erlangen Germany e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Hans-Rudolf Berthoud Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University System 6400 Perkins Road Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA ISSN 0301-5556 ISBN-10 3-540-29205-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-29205-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September, 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Editor: Simon Rallison, Heidelberg Desk editor: Anne Clauss, Heidelberg Production editor: Nadja Kroke, Leipzig Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Typesetting: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 11533467 27/3150/YL – 5 4 3 2 1 0 Acknowledgements Work in the authors’ laboratory was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB 353 B9 and B15 (to W.L.N.), Swiss National Foundation (to W.L.N.), Johannes and Frieda Marohn-Stiftung, Erlangen (to M.R. and J.W.) and NIH grants DK 47348 and 57242 (to H.R.B.). Special thanks to Sabi