E-Book Content
Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia Second Edition ●●●● Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia Second Edition ●●●● Volume 11 Birds IV Jerome A. Jackson, Advisory Editor Walter J. Bock, Taxonomic Editor Donna Olendorf, Project Editor Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator Michael Hutchins, Series Editor In association with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition Volume 11: Birds IV Project Editor Donna Olendorf Permissions Kim Davis Product Design Tracey Rowens, Jennifer Wahi Editorial Deirdre Blanchfield, Madeline Harris, Christine Jeryan, Kristine M. Krapp, Kate Kretschmann, Melissa C. McDade, Mark Springer Imaging and Multimedia Mary K. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Christine O’Bryan, Barbara Yarrow, Robyn V. Young Manufacturing Dorothy Maki, Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper © 2003 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning Inc. For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: The Gale Group, Inc., Permissions Department, 27500 Drake Road, Farmington Hills, MI, 48331-3535, Permissions hotline: 248699-8074 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006, Fax: 248699-8074 or 800-762-4058. While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors and publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (vols. 1-17 set) 0-7876-6571-1 (vols. 8-11 set) 0-7876-5784-0 (vol. 8) 0-7876-5785-9 (vol. 9) 0-7876-5786-7 (vol. 10) 0-7876-5787-5 (vol. 11) Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information, contact The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. Cover photo of large cactus ground-finch (Geospiza conirostris) by K. Schafer/VIREO. Back cover photos of sea anemone by AP/Wide World Photos/University of Wisconsin-Superior; land snail, lionfish, golden frog, and green python by JLM Visuals; red-legged locust © 2001 Susan Sam; hornbill by Margaret F. Kinnaird; and tiger by Jeff Lepore/Photo Researchers. All reproduced by permission. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Grzimek, Bernhard. [Tierleben. English] Grzimek’s animal life encyclopedia.— 2nd ed. v. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Contents: v. 1. Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 2. Protostomes / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 3. Insects / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 4-5. Fishes I-II / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 6. Amphibians / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 7. Reptiles / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 8-11. Birds I-IV / Donna Olendorf, editor — v. 12-16. Mammals I-V / Melissa C. McDade, editor — v. 17. Cumulative index / Melissa C. McDade, editor. ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (set hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Zoology—Encyclopedias. I. Title: Animal life encyclopedia. II. Schlager, Neil, 1966- III. Olendorf, Donna IV. McDade, M