This book presents the most recent achievements in data assimilation in Geosciences, especially in regards to meteorology, oceanography and hydrology. It spans both theoretical and applied aspects with various methodologies including variational, Kalman filter, maximum likelihood ensemble filter and other ensemble methods. Besides data assimilation, other important topics are also covered including targeting observation, parameter estimation, and remote sensing data retrieval. The book will be useful to individual researchers as well as graduate students as a reference in the field of data assimilation.
Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications Seon K. Park · Liang Xu (Eds.) Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications 13 Editors Prof. Seon K. Park Ewha Womans University Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering 11-1 Daehyun-dong Seoul, Seodaemungu-gu Seoul 120-750 Republic of Korea
[email protected] ISBN: 978-3-540-71055-4 Dr. Liang Xu Naval Research Laboratory 7 Grace Hopper Avenue Stop 2 Monterey CA 93943-5502 USA
[email protected] e-ISBN: 978-3-540-71056-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-71056-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008935664 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com To Yoshi and Koko SASAKI Two views of Yoshi lecturing 4/79, JML: Drawn by John M. Lewis, using a bamboo pen and India ink, when he attended Yoshi’s lecture on variational data assimilation at University of Oklahoma in April 1979 (provided by Francois-Xavier Le Dimet). Preface Data assimilation (DA) has been recognized as one of the core techniques for modern forecasting in various earth science disciplines including meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology. Since early 1990s DA has been an important session topic in many academic meetings organized by leading societies such as the American Meteorological Society, American Geophysical Union, European Geophysical Union, World Meteorological Organization, etc. Recently, the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), held in Singapore in June 2005, conducted a session on DA under the title of “Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications.” This first DA session in the 2nd AOGS was a great success with more than 30 papers presented and many great ideas exchanged among scientists from the three different disciplines. The scientists who participated in the meeting suggested making the DA session a biennial event. Two years later, at the 4th AOGS Annual Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, the DA session was officially nam