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Just like the periodical crystalline potential in solid-state crystals determines their properties for the conduction of electrons, the periodical structuring of photonic crystals leads to envisioning the possibility of achieving a control of the photon flux in dielectric and metallic materials. The use of photonic crystals as a cage for storing, filtering or guiding light at the wavelength scale thus paves the way to the realisation of optical and optoelectronic devices with ultimate properties and dimensions. This should contribute toward meeting the demands for a greater miniaturisation that the processing of an ever increasing number of data requires. Photonic Crystals intends to provide students and researchers from different fields with the theoretical background needed for modelling photonic crystals and their optical properties, while at the same time presenting the large variety of devices, from optics to microwaves, where photonic crystals have found applications. As such, it aims at building bridges between optics, electromagnetism and solid-state physics. This book was written by six specialists of nanophotonics, and was coordinated by Jean-Michel Lourtioz, head of the Institut d'?lectronique Fondamentale in Orsay and coordinator of the French Research Network in Nanophotonics.
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J.-M. Lourtioz et al. Photonic Crystals
J.-M. Lourtioz • H. Benisty • V. Berger J.-M. Gerard • D. Maystre • A. Tchelnokov
Photonic Crystals Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices
Translated by Pierre-Noel Favennec
With 128 Figures
Springer
Authors Jean-Michel Lourtioz Universite Paris-Sud Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale 91405 Orsay Cedex, France Henri Benisty Institut d'Optique Laboratoire Charles Fabry Centre Scientifique d'Orsay 91403 Orsay Cedex, France Vincent Berger Universite Paris VII - Denis Diderot Materiaux et Phenomenes Quantiques 2 place Jussieu 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France Jean-Michel Gerard CNRS-CEA Laboratoire de Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France Daniel Maystre Institut Fresnel Faculte des Sciences et Techniques de Saint Jerome Ave. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France Alexis Tchelnokov CEA-LETI 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France ISBN-io 3-540-24431-X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-24431-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2005922825 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Originally published in French by Hermes Science, France, 2003. Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data conversion by the author. Final processing by PTP-Berlin Protago-TEX-Production GmbH, Germany Cover-Design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 62/3141/Yu - 5 4 3 2 1 0
Foreword
The Analogy between electronic Waves and electromagnetic Waves Since the advent of quantum mechanics and the clear demonstration of the existe