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TEXTBOOK OF POLYMER SC THIRD EDITION FRED W. BILLMEYER, JR. Professor oj Analytzcal Chemzshy Rensselaer Polytechnic Instztute, Troy, New York A Wiley-lnterscience Publication John Wiley & Sons New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore Copyright Q 1984 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Published simultaneously in Canada Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: Billmeyer , F ~ e dW Textbook of polymer science Includes bibliographies and indexes 1 Polymers and polymerization I Title QD381 B52 1984 ISBN 0-471-03196-8 668 9 83-19870 Printed in the United States of' America PREFACE ''I am incllned to think that the development ojpolymer~zationI S ,perhaps, the blggest thrng chemistry has done, where ~thas had the brggest effect on everyday life The world would be a totally d~rerentplace w~thoutartijiclal fibers, plastrcs, elastomers, etc Even in the field of electronics, what would you do wlthout msulatron? And there you come back to polymers agaln " f And indeed one does From the lowly thmwaway candy wrapper to the artificial heart, polymers touch our lives as does no other class of' materials, with no end to new uses and improved products in sight. Yet, many instances of' the need fbr better education in the polymer field, both in our universities and for the public, remain unchanged. Some of these were discussed at length in the Preface to the second edition of'this book, which fbllows, and I shall not repeat them The pre