INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Series Editors GEOFFREY H. BOURNE JAMES F. DANIELLI KWANG W. JEON MARTIN FRIEDLANDER JONATHAN JARVIK 1949–1988 1949–1984 1967– 1984–1992 1993–1995 Editorial Advisory Board ISAIAH ARKIN EVE IDA BARAK PETER L. BEECH HOWARD A. BERN ROBERT A. BLOODGOOD DEAN BOK HIROO FUKUDA RAY H. GAVIN MAY GRIFFITH WILLIAM R. JEFFERY KEITH LATHAM WALLACE F. MARSHALL BRUCE D. MCKEE MICHAEL MELKONIAN KEITH E. MOSTOV ANDREAS OKSCHE THORU PEDERSON MANFRED SCHLIWA TERUO SHIMMEN ROBERT A. SMITH NIKOLAI TOMILIN Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands First edition 2009 Copyright # 2009, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email:
[email protected] com. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at elsevierdirect.com ISBN: 978-0-12-374804-1 PRINTED AND BOUND IN USA 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS Afsar U. Ahmed Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia Sung Hee Baek Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Joel C. Eissenberg Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Paul R. Fisher Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia Ama Gassama-Diagne Unite´ Mixte INSERM U785/Universite´ Paris XI, Centre He´patobiliaire, Hoˆpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France Wilma A. Hofmann Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA Keun Il Kim Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Women’s Disease, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea Eva-Maria Ladenburger