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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: 54 LECTURE III. THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF ENGLAND. The geology of England and Wales is much more comprehensive than that of Scotland, in so far that it contains a great many more formations, and its features, therefore, are more various. England is the very Paradise of geologists, for it may be said to be in itself an epitome of the geology of almost the whole of Europe. Very few known geological formations are absent in England, and when they are so, with few exceptions, these are of minor importance. In some countries larger than England the whole surface is occupied by one or two formations, but here, we find all the formations shown in the column (page 20) more or less developed. Those of Silurian age lie chiefly in the north of England in Cumberland and Westmoreland, and, in the west, in Wales and Cornwall. Above them lie the Old red sandstone and Devonian rocks, occupying vast tracts in Herefordshire, Worcestershire, South Wales, and in Devonshire and Cornwall.England and Wales. ss Above the Old red sandstone comp the Carboniferous limestone and the Coal-measures, which in South Wales skirt the Bristol Channel, and stretch into the interior, while in the north they form a great backbone of country that reaches from the borders of Scotland down to North Staffordshire and Derbyshire. Other patches, here and there, rise from below the Secondary strata of the heart of England, and skirt the older formations in the west from Shropshire to Anglesey. The general physical structure of our country from the coast of Wales to the Thames, will be easily understood by a reference to fig. 6 and to the following descriptions, and this structure is eminently typical, explaining, as it does, the physical geology of the chief part of England south of the Staffordshire and De...
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THE PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY OF GREAT BRITAIN: A MANUAL OF BRITISH GEOLOGY. BY A. C. RAMSAY, LL.D. F.R.S. &c. DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. WITH A GEOLOGICAL MAP, PRINTED IN COLOURS. FIFTH EDITION. LONDON: EDWARD STANFORD, 55 CHARING CROSS. 1878. (All rights reserved.) INSCRIPTION There rolls the deep where grew the tree. O earth, what changes hast thou seen! There where the long street roars, hath been The stillness of the central sea. The hills are shadows, and they flow From form to form, and nothing stands; They melt like mist, the solid lands, Like clouds they shape themselves and go. TENNYSON. DEDICATION TO THE MEMORY OF SIR HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE, C. B., F. R. S. TO WHOSE EARLY TEACHINGS IN PHYSICAL GEOLOGY I AM SO MUCH INDEBTED, THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED PREFACE. PREFACE ____________ IN this, the fifth edition, many improvements and additions have been made. Of these, the most important consists of an account of the British Formations, showing the topographical range of each in succession, their lithological characters and the general nature of their fossils. This part of the work begins with Chapter V., and ends with Chapter XVII., and it constitutes a condensed Manual of British Stratigraphical Geology from the Laurentian to the latest Pliocene strata. The substance of these 227 pages was originally written by me for Blackie's Cyclopadia, and by the kind permission of these gentlemen, I have, with some rearrangement and many additions, made much use of the matter printed in the article. A leading feature in this part of the book is, that I have endeavoured to give a sketch of the Physical Geography of each successive Geological Epoch, so as to induce a scenic interest in the matter, beyond what can be gathered from mere l