Writing Successful Science Proposals Y7388-Friedland.indb i 4/16/18 8:48 AM This page intentionally left blank Writing Successful Science Proposals THIRD EDITION Andrew J. Friedland Carol L. Folt Jennifer L. Mercer Yale university press/new haven & london Y7388-Friedland.indb iii 4/16/18 8:48 AM First edition published 2000. Second edition 2009. Third edition 2018. Copyright © 2000, 2009, 2018 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail
[email protected] yale.edu (U.S. office) or
[email protected] (U.K. office). Set in Scala type by Newgen North America. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Control Number: 2017963808 isbn 978-0-300-22670-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Y7388-Friedland.indb iv 4/16/18 8:48 AM Contents Preface vii Acknowledgments xi A Note to the Reader xiv Chapter 1. Getting Started 1 Chapter 2. Authorship from Start to Finish Chapter 3. Basic Organization and Effective Communication 33 Chapter 4. Developing Your Conceptual Framework and Significance Section 46 Chapter 5. A Title May Be More Important Than You Think 62 Chapter 6. The Project Summary Guides the Reader Chapter 7. Objectives, Hypotheses, and Specific Aims: An Exhaustive List Is Exhausting 97 Chapter 8. Lay the Foundation in the Introduction Y7388-Friedland.indb v 19 73 112 4/16/18 8:48 AM vi Contents Chapter 9. Experimental Design and Methods: What Will You Actually Do? 129 Chapter 10. Plan for Expected and Unexpected Results Chapter 11. A Reality Check with the Timeline and Project Management Plan 159 Chapter 12. References in Detail: How Many and How Recent? 170 Chapter 13. Preparing a Budget 180 Chapter 14. Submitting and Tracking Your Proposal Chapter 15. The Three R’s: Rethink, Revise, a