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SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MATHEMATICS Barbara Amaral · Marcelo Terra Cunha On Graph Approaches to Contextuality and their Role in Quantum Theory 123 SpringerBriefs in Mathematics Series editors Nicola Bellomo Michele Benzi Palle Jorgensen Tatsien Li Roderick Melnik Otmar Scherzer Benjamin Steinberg Lothar Reichel Yuri Tschinkel George Yin Ping Zhang SpringerBriefs in Mathematics showcases expositions in all areas of mathematics and applied mathematics. Manuscripts presenting new results or a single new result in a classical field, new field, or an emerging topic, applications, or bridges between new results and already published works, are encouraged. The series is intended for mathematicians and applied mathematicians. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10030 SBMAC SpringerBriefs Editorial Board Carlile Lavor University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing Department of Applied Mathematics Campinas, Brazil Luiz Mariano Carvalho Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) Department of Applied Mathematics Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The SBMAC SpringerBriefs series publishes relevant contributions in the fields of applied and computational mathematics, mathematics, scientific computing, and related areas. Featuring compact volumes of 50 to 125 pages, the series covers a range of content from professional to academic. The Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional (Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics, SBMAC) is a professional association focused on computational and industrial applied mathematics. The society is active in furthering the development of mathematics and its applications in scientific, technological, and industrial fields. The SBMAC has helped to develop the applications of mathematics in science, technology, and industry, to encourage the development and implementation of effective methods and mathematical techniques for the benefit of science and technology, and to promote the exchange of ideas and information between the diverse areas of application. http://www.sbmac.org.br/ Barbara Amaral • Marcelo Terra Cunha On Graph Approaches to Contextuality and their Role in Quantum Theory 123 Barbara Amaral Department of Statistics, Physics and Mathematics Federal University of São João del-Rei Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil Marcelo Terra Cunha IMECC – Department of Applied Mathematics University of Campinas Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil International Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ISSN 2191-8198 ISSN 2191-8201 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Mathematics ISBN 978-3-319-93826-4 ISBN 978-3-319-93827-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93827-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946783 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information