Congressmen’s Voting Decisions

CONGRESSMEN'S VOTING DECISIONS THIRD EDITION JOHN W. KINGDON j with L .□ally ban . inized prayer us advisers say h.. »s conservative su ed that t c AtsinCc i e； >. Lij tt i<> :rs, merest .dr issues .try spending 7or muc. ；« 1 s jnded gcw h d /en poking fun at. “As soon as I get ho» plan to lean back, kic take a long nap," Mr. “Ah, com** to think of it, t all th d »re 4 after all/ Tf F idt U hn ’t;s iti Ion 'jiSt cc nv .c n ?v* 1 u rea n ，a pi ^ct. agt ilh r str( judt to Igj * im Ion nd I sen ice， res ised omk of » ev ides ddle re ? he ig. t Hp i in t eor 'ur- iSts say that Mr. jf income tax re?d heavily to the sident argued that ited economic growth revenues. He main/ast growth : n 卜， “‘J acBut while he was y; one-third of the credit e~r succ^^ses, Mr. Reagai eases of the last eight sisteH at the udget ficiu ' cau£ ___ /otht esid ( of a* T a gan’s speech grew out of a sense of alarm within the White ington colony** that in his view, idued 2 that the President’s legacy was understand the values and priorities of people. blackened by a deficit that ex- the” American n叫 »Arm, Mr. Rea1155 billion in th« • st Sept. 30. 么 c» • Fet- al e • lishr * ecurring Deficit Issue zs b \ ot e of ish )n/ \ one hite jse c at afs ite House has sought to counhe me “” and U -image in order to end the Rea5 h vino we^ N Yeutte. decided ture De> has tc” half scnti Congressmen’s Voting Decisions Congressmen’s Voting Decisions THIRD EDITION JOHN W. KINGDON The University of Michigan The University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor To Kirsten，James, and Tor Copyright © by the University of Michigan 1989 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America 1992 1991 1990 1989 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kingdon, John W. Congressmen’s voting decisions / John W. Kingdon — 3rd ed. p. cm. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-472-09401-7 — ISBN 0-472-06401-0 (pbk.) 1. United States. Congress. House — Voting. 2. Legislators — United States. 3. Decision-making. I. Title. JK1319.K53 1989 328.73’0775 — dc19 89-4687 CIP Contents Preface to the Third Edition vii Preface to the Second Edition viii Preface to the First Edition jx Introduction to the Third Edition PART I. INTRODUCTION Xi 1 1. Introduction PART II. THE ACTORS 3 27 2. The Constituency 3. Fellow Congressmen 4. Party Leadership and Ranking Committee Members 5. Interest Groups 6. Administration and Executive Branch 7. The Staff 8. The Media and Other Reading PART III. DECISION-MAKING 29 72 110 146 177 201 210 225 9. Decision Problems and Information 10. The Consensus Mode of Decision 11. Preconsensus Processes 12. Structural Decision Features PART IV. APPENDIXES 227 242 262 282 297 A. Sampling B. Interviewing Procedure C. Coding D. Variables and Indexes E. Actor-Vote Agreement Analysis F. The Consensus Decision Model Index 299 307 310 312 319 326 341 Preface to the Third Edition Since the original fieldwork for this book was conducted in 1969, Con­ gress has changed in some ways and remained the same in many other ways. To take account of changes that occurred during the 1970s, and to present revisions in my model of decision-making, the book appeared in a second edition in 1981. At that time, I completely revised the text of the book, adding several sections to update the results and replacing chapter 10. For the third edition, I have elected to leave the body of the book unchanged from the second edition. Instead of revising the text of the book, I have ad