The Origins Of Latin Christianity

A HISTORY OF EARLY CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE BEFORE THE COUNCIL OF NICAEA VOLUME THREE THE ORIGINS OF LATIN CHRISTIANITY jEAN DANIÊLOU Translated by DAVID SMITH and jOHN AUSTIN BAKER Edited and with a Postscript by JOHN AUSTIN BAKER LONDON PHILADELPHIA DARTON, LONGMAN & TODD THE WESTMINSTER PRESS Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd 85 Gloucester Road London SW7 4SU The Westminster Press Witherspoon Building Philadelphia Pennyslvania 19107 First published 1977 2nd impression 1980 ©1977, Darton, Longman 8t Todd Ltd ISBN (Great Britain) 0 232 48197 0 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Daniélou, jean. The origins of Latin Christianity. (A History of early Christian doctrine before the Council of Nicaea, v. 3) Translation of Les origines du christianisme latin. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Theology, Doctrinal - History - Early church, II. Series. I. Title. ca.30—600. BT25.D2713. 230'.1'2 76—44380 ISBN (U.S.A.) 0—664—21064—3 Text set in 12/I 3 pt Photon Bembo Printed in Great Britain by The Anchor Press Ltd and bound by Wm Brendon & Son Ltd, both of Tiptree, Essex CONTENTS ix List of Abbreviations Acknowledgments General Introduction PART 1 xi xiii LATIN jUDAEO-CI—IRISTIANITY Introduction 1. THE TRANSLATIONS The Latin Bible Translations of Judaeo-Christian Writings The Muratorian Fragment 2. LATIN jUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY: ANTI-jEWISH POLEMICS V Esdras The Adversus judaeos The De Montibus Sina et Sion 3. 5 8 13 17 17 31 39 LATINJUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY: THE CONFRONTATION WITH PAGANISM The Passio Perpetuae The De centesima, sexagesima, tricesima The Sermon De aleatoribus 4- 3 5 59 59 63 93 THE SURVIVAL OFJUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY IN THE THIRD CENTURY Commodian’s Theology The De Pascha computus The De Fabrica mundi PART II 99 99 126 130 CHRISTIANITY AND LATIN CULTURE Introduction 5- TERTULLIAN AND jUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY 137 139 Tertullian’s Reaction against Judaeo-Christianity Tertullian and the jewish Apocrypha 1. I Enoch 2. The Book of Adam 3. The Sibylline Oracles III Tertullian and Tradition 140 161 162 167 173 176 6. MINUCIUS FELIX AND HIS SOURCES The Theology of the Octavius The World and Man 189 189 198 7. TERTULLIAN AND STOICISM 209 Tertullian and Philosophy Tertullian’s Stoicism Tertullian’s Criticism of Platonism 209 214 223 8. NOVATIAN AND THE COSMIC RELIGION The Beauty of the World 233 233 9. CYPRIAN AND THE AGE OF THE WORLD 251 The Harmony of Opposites The Cosmic Chariot Freedom PART III 238 240 245 THE LATIN FATHERS AND THE BIBLE Introduction 10. THE TESTIMONIA Tertullian’s Adversus judaeos Commodfan’s Testimonia Cyprian’s Ad Quirinum 11. TYPOLOGY 261 263 263 273 288 297 The Types of Christ 298 Types of the Sacraments 312 Types of the Church 12. THE EXEMPLA Daniel and the Three Young Men Job Tobit 306 321 321 324 327 13. NOVATIAN AND THE THEOPHANIES PART IV 329 LATIN THEOLOGY Introduction 14. TERTULLIAN AND HIS METHOD Substantia Census Status Gradus 341 343 345 348 352 356 15. TERTULLIAN’S SYSTEM The Trinity The Creation of the World The Soul of Man The Flesh of Christ The Intermediate State The Resurrection of the D