Historical Geology Lab Manual

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY LAB MANUAL HISTORICAL GEOLOGY LAB MANUAL Pamela J. W. Gore Georgia Perimeter College VP & PUBLISHER: EXECUTIVE EDITOR: ASSISTANT EDITOR: EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: MARKETING MANAGER: PHOTO EDITOR: DESIGNER: ASSOCIATE PRODUCTION MANAGER: Petra Recter Ryan Flahive Julia Nollen Kathryn Hancox Suzanne Bochet Elizabeth Blomster Kenji Ngieng Joyce Poh This book was set by Laserwords Private Limited. Cover and text printed and bound by Courier Digital Solutions. This book is printed on acid free paper. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support. For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)7486008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year. These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party. Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley. Return instructions and a free of charge return mailing label are available at www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel. If you have chosen to adopt this textbook for use in your course, please accept this book as your complimentary desk copy. Outside of the United States, please contact your local sales representative. ISBN 978-1-118-05752-0 (paperback) Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface vi Laboratory 1: Relative Dating 1 Laboratory 2: Rocks and Minerals 19 Laboratory 3: Rock Weathering and Interpretation of Sediments 55 Laboratory 4: Sedimentary Rocks 87 Laboratory 5: Sedimentary Structures 113 Laboratory 6: Depositional Sedimentary Environments 133 Laboratory 7: Stratigraphy and Lithologic Correlation 155 Laboratory 8: Fossils on the Internet 185 Laboratory 9: Microfossils and Introduction to the Tree of Life 195