Electrochemistry

42 Topics in Current Chemistry Electrochemistry I Editor: E. Steckhan With Contributions by M. A. Fox, H.-J. Sch~ifer,E. Steckhan, K. Uneyama, J.H.P. Utley With 19 Figures and 51 Tables Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork L o n d o n Paris Tokyo This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. It is addressed to all research and industrial chemists who wish to keep abreast of advances in their subject. As a rule, contributions are specially commissioned. The editors and publishers will, however, always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary ;nformation. Papers are accepted for "Topics in Current Chemistry" in L aglish. I S B N 3-540-17871-6 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg N e w Y o r k I S B N 0-387-17871-6 Springer-Verlag N e w Y o r k Heidelberg Berlin Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Electrochemistry. (Topics in current chemistry ; 142) 1. Electrochemistry Collectedworks. I. Steckhan, E. (Eberhard), 1943 . lI. Fox, Marye Anne, 1947-. Ill. Series. QI~l.F58 vol. 142 540 s [541.3'7] 87-9780 [QD552] ISBN 0-387-17871-6 (NewYork) This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1987 Printed in GDR The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Bookbinding: Lfideritz & Bauer, Berlin 2152/3020-5432l 0 Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Michael J. S. Dewar Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Austin, TX 78712, USA Prof. Dr. Jack D. Dunitz Prof. Dr. Klaus Hnfner Laboratorium ffir Organische Chemie der Eidgen6ssischen Hochschule UniversitfitsstraBe 6/8, CH-8006 Ziirich lnstitut fiir Organische Chemie der TH • PetersenstraBe 15, D-6100 Darmstadt Prot~ Dr. Edgar tteilbronner Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut der Universitfit Klingelbergstrage 80, CH-4000 Basel Prot~ Dr. S'hO lz6 Department of Chemistry, Fohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980 Prof. Dr..lean-Marie Lehn Institut de Chimie, Universit6 de Strasbourg, 1, rue Blaise Pascal, B. P. Z 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg-Cedex Prof. Dr. Kurt Niedenzu University of Kentucky, College of Arts and Sciences Department of Chemistry, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Prof. l)r. Kenneth N. Raynlond Department of Chemistry, University of California. Berkeley, California 94720, USA Prof. I)r. Char/ev 147. Rees Hofmann Professor of Organic (hemistry, Department of Chemistry, I mpcrial ( ollcgc of Science and Tcchnology, South Kcnsington, London SW7 2AY, Ihlgland Prof. l)r. f)*itz V6gtle Institut for Organische Chemic und Biochemie der Univcrsitiit, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1. I_) 5300 Bonn 1 Prof I)r. Geor% Witti~, Institut fiir Organische Chemic der Univcrsitfit hn Neuenheimer Fcld 270, D-6900 Heidelberg I Preface to the Series on Electrochemistry The scope of electrochemistry having broadened tremendously within the last ten years has become a remarkably diverse science. In the field of electroorganic synthesis, for example, selectivity has been improved b