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PAUL D. GARDINER PRO ECT AGEMENT A ST]~TEGIC PLANNING APPROACH © Paul Gardiner 2005 All rights reserved. No reproduction. copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13:978-Q-333-98222-8 ISBN-l0: 0-333-98222-3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 Printed and bound in China Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. About this book Learning objectives Why study project management? Who should use this book? Key features Companion website Learning aids How to use this book Key themes Resources for lecturers 1 xi xi xi xii xii xii xiii xiii xiii Introduction to projects and project management 1 Learning objectives Introduction What is a project? 1 1 1 TiME OUT: Recognising projects Characteristics of projects Insights from Industry The absent-minded professor The future of project management Associations, standards and journals Project management associations and institutes Project management standards Journals Personal training and education PROJECT M/-\NAGEMENT in action: The making xi ') z, 2 3 2 13 15 15 15 16 16 of a city technology college 17 Insights from Industry Future learning systems 17 Summary points References 20 20 A systems view of project management 22 Learning objectives Introduction A systems approach Introduction to systems theory Projects as systems The human factor Feedback in a system The importance of feedback 22 22 22 22 23 25 25 25 TIME OUT: Feedback in a simple gardening Insights from Industry A multimedia project for nursing students 3 Project management explored Planning Organising Controlling Leading and motivating Hard and soft skills Where do projects come from? Insights from Industry Sources of IT projects at a major UK bank 5 5 6 6 7 7 9 9 Insights from Industry Junior achievement faces growing paperwork mountain 10 Programme management Differences between programme and project management Insights from Industry Applied iT 11 History of project management Development of management thought Creatio