E-Book Overview
This book gathers selected science and technology papers that were presented at the 2014 Regional Conference of Sciences, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). The bi-annual Conference is organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaysia. The papers address a broad range of topics including architecture, life sciences, robotics, sustainable development, engineering, food science and mathematics. The book serves as a platform for disseminating research findings, as a catalyst to inspire positive innovations in the development of the region. The carefully-reviewed papers in this volume present research by academicians of local, regional and global prominence. Out of more than 200 manuscripts presented at the conference by researchers from local and foreign universities and institutions of higher learning, 64 papers were chosen for inclusion in this publication. The papers are organized in more than a dozen broad categories, spanning the range of scientific research:• Engineering• Robotics• Mathematics & Statistics• Computer & Information Technology• Forestry• Plantation & Agrotechnology• Sports Science & Recreation• Health & Medicine• Biology• Physics• Food Science• Environment Science & Management• Sustainable Development• Architecture The book provides a significant point of reference for academics, researchers and students in many fields who need deeper research.
E-Book Content
Nor Azizah Yacob · Mesliza Mohamed Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah Editors Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) Science and Technology Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) Nor Azizah Yacob Mesliza Mohamed Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah • Editors Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) Science and Technology 123 Editors Nor Azizah Yacob Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Malaysia Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Malaysia Mesliza Mohamed Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Malaysia ISBN 978-981-10-0532-9 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0534-3 ISBN 978-981-10-0534-3 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016931603 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. Preface The Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences 2014 (RCSTSS 2014) is a biennial conference organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang. Showcasing recent advancements and trends in the three major