E-Book Overview
Nine years has passed since the 1992 second edition of the encyclopedia was published. This completely revised third edition, which is a university and professional level compendium of chemistry, molecular biology, mathematics, and engineering, is refreshed with numerous articles about current research in these fields. For example, the new edition has an increased emphasis on information processing and biotechnology, reflecting the rapid growth of these areas. The continuing Editor-in-Chief, Robert Meyers, and the Board prepared a new topical outline of physical science and technology to define complete coverage. Section editors are either Nobel Laureates or editors of key journals in their fields. Additional Board members representing the global scientific community were also recruited.
E-Book Content
P1: GKD Revised Pages Qu: 00, 00, 00, 00 Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN002D-71 May 17, 2001 20:25 Bonding and Structure in Solids J. C. Phillips Lucent Technologies I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. Introduction: Molecules and Solids Molecular Crystals Ionic Crystals and Electronegativity Covalent Crystals and Directed Valence Bonds Mixed Covalent and Ionic Bonding Metallic Bonding Quantum Structural Diagrams Complete Quantum Structure Analysis Chemical Bonding in Solids in the Third Millennium GLOSSARY Atom Smallest unit of an element. Bond Electronic configuration that binds atoms together Covalent bond Chemical bond formed by electron sharing. Crystals Solids in which the atoms are arranged in a periodic fashion. Electronegativity Measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons. Glass Solid in which the atoms are not arranged in a periodic fashion and which melts into a supercooled liquid when heated rapidly. Ionic bond Chemical bond caused by charge transfer. Me