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Special Publication No.4 of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits Geology and Metallogeny of Copper Deposits Proceedings of the Copper Symposium 27th International Geological Congress Moscow, 1984 Edited by G.H. Friedrich A.D. Genkin A.J. Naldrett J. D. Ridge R. H. Sillitoe F. M. Vokes With 258 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Professor H. FRIEDRICH Institut fUr Mineralogie und Lagerstiittenlehre RWTHAachen WiillnerstraBe 2 5100 Aachen, FRG Professor D. RIDGE 1402 NW 18th Street Gainesville, FL 32605, USA GUNTHER JOHN Professor Dr. RICHARD H. SILLITOE 8 West Hill Park Highgate Village London N6 6ND England D. GENKIN CCCPIIGEM Staromonetny, 35 Moscow, 109017, USSR ALEXANDR Professor ANTHONY J. NALDRETT Department of Geology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S lAI ISBN-13: 978-3-642-70904-3 DOl: 10.1 007/978-3-642-70902-9 Professor FRANK M. VOKES Geologisk Institutt Norges Tekniske H0gskole Universitetet i Trondheim 7034 Trondheim Norway e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-70902-9 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Geology and metallogeny of copper deposits. (Special publication no. 4 of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits) Proceedings of a symposium on copper metallogeny held at the 27th International Geological Congress, Moscow, USSR. I. Copper Ores-Congresses. I. Friedrich, Giinther, 1929-. II. International Geological Congress (27th: Moscow, USSR) III. Series: Special publication ... of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits; no. 4. QE390.2.C6G46 1986 553.4'3 86-6745 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to 'Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich. ® Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: K + V Fotosatz GmbH, Beerfelden. 213213130-543210 Preface Copper belongs to those metals whose concentrations in nature arise from a broad diversity of endogeneous and exogeneous processes, which applies to essentially all genetic classes of ore deposits. This is the first proceedings volume on copper metallogeny to cover the worldwide distribution of the four main groups of copper deposits, including in Part I: copper-nickel deposits with cobalt and platinum group elements; Part II: copper-molybdenum-gold deposits with silver, zinc, and lead; Part III/IV: copperzinc-lead deposits (with silver etc.). On the occasion of the 27th International Geological Congress in Moscow, USSR, a symposium on copper metallogeny was held, dealing with metallogenesis and mineral deposits. The symposium was organized and sponsored by three international societies engaged in the field of ore deposits: The Society of Economic Geology (SEG), the Society of Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA) and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits (IAGOD). Invited papers were presented in four sessions: (1) Copper deposits in mafic and ultramafic complexes, (2) Porphyry copper deposits, (3) Copper deposits of volcanic-hydrothermal association, and (4) Sediment-hosted copper deposits. The sessions were chaired by A. D. Genkin, A. J. Naldrett, J. D.