Glaciotectonic Landforms And Structures

GLACIOTECTONIC LANDFORMS AND STRUCTURES GLACIOLOGY AND QUATERNARY GEOLOGY Series Editor: C. R. BENTLEY University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departrrumt of Geology and Geophysics, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S .A . Glaciotectonic Landforms and Structures by JAMES S. ABER Emporia State University, Kansas, U.S.A. DAVID G. CROOT Plymouth Polytechnic, Devon, UK MARK M. FENTON Alberta Research Council, Alberta, Canada Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcation Data Aber, James S. Glaciatectanic landfarms and structures I by Ja.es S. Aber, David G. Croat, and Mark M. Fentan. p. cm. -- CGlaciolagy and quaternary gealogyl Bibl iagraphy: p. Includes index. ISBN 978-94-015-6843-2 ISBN 978-94-015-6841-8 (eBook) DOI 10,1007/978-94-015-6841-8 1. Glacial landfarms. 1. Croat, David G. II. Fentan, Mark M. III. Tltle. IV. Ser ies. GB581 . A24 1989 551.3' 15--dc19 88-34047 ISBN 978-94-015-6843-2 printed an acidfree paper AlI rights reserved © 1989 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1989 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1989 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utiIized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ ing photocopying, recording, or by any informat ion storage and retrieval system, without written pcrmission from the copyright owners. To our parents andfamilies TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Nature of glaciotectonism Historical development Definition of glaciotectonism Glaciotectonic structures Glaciotectonic landforms Chapter 2. Hill-hole pair Introduction WolfLake. Alberta. Canada Herschel Island. Yukon. Canada Eyjabakkajokull. Iceland Chapter 3. Large composite-ridges Introduction Ml6ns Klint. Denmark Dirt Hills and Cactus Hills. Saskatchewan. Canada Prophets Mountains. North Dakota. United States Chapter 4. Small composite-ridges Introduction Brandon Hills. Manitoba. Canada Utrecht Ridge. the Netherlands Vatnajokull. Iceland Spitsbergen. Svalbard. Norway Chapter 5. Cupola-hills Introduction Ristinge Klint. Langeland. Denmark Gay Head, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, United States Hvideklint. Ml6n, Denmark IX 1 6 8 9 13 16 21 24 29 34 37 42 47 49 54 59 65 71 73 77 83 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 6. Megablocks and rafts Introduction Esterhazy, Saskatchewan, Canada Southern Alberta, Canada Kvarnby, Skfme, Sweden Chapter 7. Diapirs, intrusions and wedges Introduction Kansas Drift, Kansas, United States Herdla Moraines, Norway Systofte, Falster, Denmark Chapter 8. Applied glaciotectonics Introduction Highwall failure, Highvale Coal Mine, Alberta, Canada Highway construction, Maymount, Saskatchewan, Canada Diatomite quarries, Fur, Denmark Chapter 9. Distribution of glaciotectonic phenomena Continent-scale distribution Regional distribution Model for lobate pattern of glaciotectonism Kineto-stratigraphy Chapter 10. Dynamism of glaciotectonic deformation Fundamental cause of glaciotectonism Initiation of thrust faulting Continuation of thrust faulting Scale models of glaciotectonism 91 94 95 98 103 106 110 116 119 121 127 129 135 142 148 149 155 159 162 164 Chapter 11. Glaciotectonic analogs Introduction Mississippi Delta mudlumps, Mississippi, United States Thin-skinned thrusting Convergent plate boundary 169 Bibliography 183 Index 195