E-Book Overview
Superconductivity, provides a basic introduction to one of the most innovative areas in condensed matter physics today. This book includes ample tutorial material, including illustrations, chapter summaries, graded problem sets, and concise examples. This book is part of the Oxford Master Series in Condensed Matter Physics.
E-Book Content
Superconductivity, Superfluids and Condensates James F. Annett University of Bristol Oxford University Press May 2003 Contents 1 Superconductivity 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Conduction in metals 1.3 Superconducting materials 1.4 Zero-resistivity 1.5 The Meissner-Ochsenfeld Effect 1.6 Perfect Diamagnetism 1.7 Type I and Type II Superconductivity 1.8 The London Equation 1.9 The London vortex 1.10 Further Reading 1.11 Exercises 2 2 2 5 7 10 11 13 14 19 21 22 2 The 2.1 2.2 2.3 31 31 32 3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Ginzburg-Landau model Introduction The condensation energy Ginzburg-Landau theory of the bulk phase transition Ginzburg-Landau theory of inhomogenous systems Surfaces of Superconductors Ginzburg-Landau theory in a magnetic field Gauge Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking Flux quantization The Abrikosov flux lattice Thermal Fluctuations Vortex Matter Summary Further Reading Exercises 36 39 41 43 45 47 50 56 60 62 63 63 The 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Macroscopic Coherent State Introduction Coherent states Coherent States and the Laser Bosonic Quantum Fields Off-Diagonal Long Ranged order The Weakly Interacting Bose Gas 72 72 73 78 79 83 85 Contents 4 1 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Coherence and ODLRO in Superconductors The Josephson Effect Macroscopic Quantum Coherence Summary Further Reading Exercises 90 95 99 101 102 102 The 4.1 4.2 4