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This book serves as a guided introduction to the rich a diverse perspectives on leadership throughout the ages and throughout the world. Each of the selections, introduced by the editor, presents enlightening thoughts on a different aspect of leadership. Writings by Plato, Aristotle, Lao-tzu and others demonstrate that the challenges of leadership are as old as civilization. Machiavelli, Tolstoy, Ghandi, and W.E.B. Du Bois provide a wide range of insights into the eternal practice and problems of leadership. Modern masters of leadership such as James MacGregor Burns, John Kotter, and Warren Bennis join such leading practitioners as Max De Pree and Roger B. Smith in discussing contemporary issues in leadership theory and practice.
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THE LEADER'S COMPANION Insights on Leadership Through the Ages Edited by ]. THOMAS WREN l[T]I THE FREE PRESS New York CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments Copyright© 1995 by J. Thomas Wren xm All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, PART I. THE CRISIS OF LEADERSHIP 1 lisher. 1 . The Cry for Leadership •John W. Gardner 3 The Free Press 2. The Crisis of Leadership •James MacGregor Bums 8 including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Pub A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10020 Printed in the United States of America printing number 9 10 Text design by Carla Bolte Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The leader's companion : insights on leadership through the ages I edited by J. Thomas Wren. p. 3 . Defining a Citizen Leader• Richard A. Couto 11 4. Servant Leadership• Robert K. Greenleaf 18 PART II. WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? 25 5. Thinking and Learning about Leadership• Thomas E. Cronin 27 6. Paths of Inquiry into Leadership • Irving]. Spitzberg, Jr. 33 7. The Meaning of Leadership• Bernard M. Bass 37 8. What Is Leadership? • Richard L. Hughes, Robert C. Ginnett, and Gordon J. Curphy 39 cm. ISBN 0-02-874005-X (cloth).-ISBN 0-02-874091-2 (pbk) 1. Leadership-History. HM141.L375 303.3'4'09-dc20 PART III. HISTORICAL VIEWS OF LEADERSHIP I. Wren, J. Thomas 1995 95-2850 CIP 9. Concepts of Leadership: The Beginnings• Bernard M. Bass 10. The Hero as King• Thomas Carlyle 47 49 53 iv Contents Contents 55 1 1 . Rulers and Generals Are "History's Slaves" ·Leo Tolstoy ' 12. The Republic• Plato 65 13. Politics• Aristotle 14. How Princes Should Keep Faith 60 • Niccolo Machiavelli 67 1 5 . Tao Te Ching• Lao-tzu 69 16. Satyagraha• Mohandas Gandhi 72 1 7 . The Talented Tenth• WE. B. Du Bois 78 PART IV. MODERN VIEWS OF LEADERSHIP 18. Contemporary Leadership Theory• Martin M. Chemers 81 83 19. Transactional and Transforming Leadership• James MacGregor Burns 100 20. The Transformation of Transforming Leadership• Richard A. Couto 102 2 1 . Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change• David A. Nadler and Michael L.Tushman 108 22. What Leaders Really Do •John P. Kotter 1 14 PARTY. THE LEADER 23 . Personal Factors Associated with Leadership• Ralph M. Stogdill 24. Leadership: Do Traits Matter? • Shelley A Kirkpatrick and Edwin A. Locke 125 127 133 25 . Behavioral Theories of Leadership• P