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Beyond the Boundaries of Physical Education Beyond the Boundaries of Physical Education sets out to celebrate physical education and sport and highlight its potential benefit for individuals, communities and society as a whole. By doing this, it is hoped to encourage the educational establishment to embrace the subject area as a vehicle for the complete development of the individual. The uses of physical education are examined throughout history to the present day. The author offers an explanation of what is effective teaching and how this is translated into school practice. The evolution from performance pedagogy through critical pedagogy to an eclectic pedagogy is detailed. Further discussion investigates the future possibilities of physical education and sport in schools and how the subject may become linked more closely with personal, social and health education and citizenship. A critical reflection on the current issues affecting physical education concludes the book. Anthony Laker suggests that the importance of physical education and sport to many areas of social life has been overlooked at best, and misused at worst. He shows how the subject has a vast contribution to make to the personal and social development of individuals and possibly to the well-being of the global community. Anthony Laker is a Senior Lecturer in Physical Education and Sports Sciences. He has taught in primary and secondary schools, and has been involved in training teachers of both primary and secondary physical education. He has lectured and researched in the UK and USA and is editor of the Journal of Sport Pedagogy. His current research interests include holistic development through physical education and sport. Beyond the Boundaries of Physical Education Educating Young People for Citizenship and Social Responsibility Anthony Laker London and New York First published 2000 by RoutledgeFalmer 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by RoutledgeFalmer 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001. RoutledgeFalmer is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2000 Anthony Laker All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Laker, Anthony, 1951– Beyond the boundaries of physical education : educating young people for citizenship and social responsibility / Anthony Laker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7507-0931-6 (HB) – ISBN 0-7507-0930-8 (PB) 1. Physical education and training–Social aspects. 2. Sports–Social aspects. 3. Citizenship– Study and teaching. I. Title. GV342.27.L25 2000 ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN 0-7507-0931-6 (hbk) 0-7507-0930-8 (pbk) 0-203-13579-2 Master e-book ISBN 0-203-17704-5 (Glassbook Format) 99–053989 Contents List of Figures Acknowledgements Illustration Acknowledgements vi vii viii 1 Introduction 1 2 An Historical Perspective on the Purposes of Physical Education 4 3 Contemporary Physical Education: Aims, Objectives and Purposes 15 4 The Extent of the Affective Dimension in Physical Education 28 5 From Theory into Practice: What Really Happens in Schools 52 6 Responsibility, Personal, Social and Moral Education, and Citizenship: Is This Physical Education for the New