E-Book Overview
The study of gender differences began in earnest in the 1970s and has since increased dramatically to infiltrate virtually all fields of study in the social and behavioral sciences. Along the way, it was discovered that while women very often think and behave differently than do men, industrialized societies cater to masculine perspectives. The "Psychology of Women" emerged as a field of study focusing on just those areas in which women most often butted against assumed roles. And similarly, in the 1990s, the "Psychology of Men" emerged to focus on the same issues for men.The Encyclopedia of Gender covers all three areas under one cover, discussing psychological differences in personality, cognition, and behavior, as well as biologically based differences and how those differences impact behavior. Coverage includes studies of these differences in applied settings such as education, business, the home, in politics, sports competition, etc. Key Features* Over 100 In-depth chapters by leading scholars in the psychology of women and gender* Addresses critical questions of similarities and differences in gendering across diverse groups, challenging myths about gender polarization and the "Venus/Mars" distinction* Broad coverage of topics from theory and method to development, personality, violence, sexuality, close relationships, work, health, and social policy* Sensitive attention to multicultural and cross-cultural research* Clearly written, readable, comprehensive, with helpful guides (outline, glossary, reference list)* Raises difficult questions related to power, inequality, ethics, and social justice* Challenges the reader to revise established "truths" and to seek further information* Maintains a feminist and woman-centered focus
E-Book Content
Encyclopedia of Women Gender and SEX SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AND THE IMPACT OF SOCIETY ON GENDER A–K VOLUME ONE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Judith Worell University of Kentucky EXECUTIVE ADVISORY BOARD Janet Shibley Hyde University of Wisconsin Ken Pope Norwalk, Connecticut Pamela Trotman Reid University of Michigan Stephanie Riger University of Illinois at Chicago Janis Sanchez-Hucles Old Dominion University Brenda Toner University of Toronto Cheryl Brown Travis University of Tennessee Encyclopedia of Women Gender and SEX SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AND THE IMPACT OF SOCIETY ON GENDER EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Ju d ith Worell University of Kentucky, Lexington A–K V OLUME ONE San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo The sponsoring editor for this encyclopedia was Nikki Levy, the senior developmental editor was Barbara Makinster, and the production managers were Joanna Dinsmore and Molly Wofford. The cover was designed by Linda Shapiro. Composition was done by ATLIS Graphics & Design, Camp Hill, PA, and the encyclopedia was printed and bound by Edward Brothers, Ann Arbor, MI. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 䊊 ∞ Copyright © 2002 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http://www.academic