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GAS-SOLID TRANSPORT George E. Klinzing ChemicallPetroleum Engineering Department University o f Pittsburgh McGraw-Hill Book Company New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Hamburg Johannesburg London Madrid Mexico Montreal New Delhi Panama Paris SPo Paula Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto TOTHE MEMORY O F MY FATHER Engelbert Klinzing This book was set in Press Roman by Meredythe. The editors were Diane D. Heiberg and Ken Burke; the production supervisor was Diane Renda. R . R. Donnelley & Sons Company was printer and binder. GAS-SOLID TRANSPORT Copyright O 1981 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DODO 8987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Klinzing, George E Gas-solid transport. (hlcGraw-Hill chemical engineering series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Transporttheory. 2. Solids. I. Title. TP156.T7K55 660.2'8423 80-23068 ISBN 0-07-035047-7 CONTENTS Preface List of Symbols Chapter 1 Particle Size Analysis Chapter 2 Adhesion and Agglomeration Chapter 3 Particle Dynamics and Turbulence Chapter 4 Gas-Solid Pneumatic Transfer Chapter 5 Curves and Bends Chapter 6 Electrostatics Chapter 7 Measurements and Instrumentation Index PREFACE The transport of solids is a vital operation in many manufacturing processes. It is difficult to imagine an industry that does not concern itself with solids usage in some way. Bulk handling of solids is usually accomplished by use of bins and conveyors. But solids may also be transpor