THE ELEMENTS OF Polymer Science and Engineering Second Edition An Introductory Text and Reference for Engineers a i d Chemists This Page Intentionally Left Blank THE ELEMENTS OF Polymer Science and Engineering Second Edition An Introductory Text and Reference for Engineers and Chemists Alfred Rudin University of Waterloo ACADEMIC PRESS qf Elsevier Air Iiiipriiit San Diepo London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1999 by Academic Press All Rights Reserved. N o part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may he sought directly from Elsevier's Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford. U K . Phone: (44) I865 843830, Fax: (44) I865 8.53333. e-mail:
[email protected] You may also coinplete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage: hltp://www.elsevier.com by selecting "Custonier Support" and then "Obtaining Permissions". ACADEMIC PRESS An Inzprirtt of I3sevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com ACADEMIC PRESS 24-28 Oval Road, London NW 1 7DX, UK http:/twww.hbuk.co.uk/ap/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Rudin, Alfred The elements of polymer science and engineering /Alfred Rudin.-2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-12-601685-7 ISBN-10: 0-12-601685-2 (acid-free paper) 1. Polymers. 2. Polymerization. QD381.R8 1998 98- I I623 547'.7- dc2 I ClP ISBN-13: 978-0-12-601685-7 ISBN-10: 0-12-601685-2 Printed in the United States of America 05 06 M V 9 8 7 6 5 4 To Pearl, with tlzariks again for her wisdoiiz arid wit This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents xv Chapter I Introductory Concepts and Definitions Some Deli ni t ions I , I , I Polymer I . I .2 Monoiiier I . I .3 Oligonier I . I .4 Repeating Unit I . I .S Kepresentatioiis of Polymer Structures I,I .6 End Groups I .2 Degree of Polymerization I .3 Polyinerization aiid Functionality I 3 . 1 Polymeri7at ion 1.3.2 Functionality 1.3.3 Latcnt Functionality I .4 Why Are Synthetic Polymers Useful? Copol y niers I.5 1 .S. I Kandoin Copolyiiier 1.5.2 Alternating Copolymer I .S.3 Graft Copolyriier l.S.4 Hloch Copolynier I.6 Molecular Architecture I .7 Thermoplastics and Thermosets I .8 Elastorncrs. Fihers, and Plastics I .9 Miscel