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An illustrated work focusing on the ways in which satirical publications revealed evolution in Ottoman society. Palmira Brummett provides a new vision, through the prism of 100 cartoons, of the confrontation between tradition and modernity, "Orient" and "Occident," and rhetoric and reality. Taking a unique period in modern Middle Eastern history, the Ottoman Constitutional Revolution of 1908, Brummett examines the Istanbul satirical press and artfully weaves the narrative and images of political, economic, and cultural transformation to create a new vision of the Middle East at the end of the empire. This pioneering work of cultural history is drawn against the backgrounds of Ottoman-European relations and press history. It shows how Ottoman cartoonists merged the literary and artistic cultures of East and West through comparisons to the press production and art of Europe, India, Latin America, and the Middle East. In doing so, it intersects with the broader set of studies in European history, the implications of modernity, and the rhetorical uses of images.
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Page i Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911 Page ii SUNY Series in the Social and Economic History of the Middle East Donald Quataert, editor Page iii Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911 Palmira Brummett Page iv Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2000 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, address State University of New York Press State University Plaza, Albany, New York 12246 Production by Dana Foote Marketing by Michael Campochiaro Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Brummett, Palmira Johnson, 1950– Image and imperialism in the Ottoman revolutionary press, 1908–1911 / Palmira Brummett. p. cm. — (SUNYseries in the social and economic history of the Middle East) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0791444635 (hc : alk. paper) —ISBN 0791444643 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Turkish newspapers—History—20th century. 2. Caricatures and cartoons—Turkey—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series. PN5449.T8 B78 2000 079'.561'09041—dc21 99056265 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Page v For Jim Rachele and Katherine and for My Sister Fellows at the Bunting Institute, '91–'92 Page vii Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xiii Dating xv On Translating Cartoons xvii A Note on Transliteration xix I Introduction a. Historical Background b. Method 1 1 10 II Publishing, Format, Images, and Readers 25 III The Voice and Image of the Public, and Its Targets 51 IV Revolutionary Exemplars: France and Iran 73 V The Comic Sovereign: The Satirical Critique of Authority 113 VI The Comic Aggressor: The Critique of European Political and Economic Hegemony 149 VII The Comic Culture: The Critique of Society, Culture, and European Influence 189 VIII Fashion Satire and the Honor of the Nation 221 Page