Fundamental Constants Constant Avogadro's constant Boltzmann's constant Molar gas constant Electronic charge Faraday constant Planck's constant Permittivity of free space 1 Mass of 12 of 12C atom* Mass of hydrogen atom Mass of electron Gravitational constant Standard gravity Speed of light in vacuum * Symbol NA, NO k, kB ¼ R/NA R ¼ N Ak e F ¼ N Ae h (Z ¼ h/2p) 3o u mH me G g c SI CGS 23 1 6.022 10 mol 1.381 10 23 J K 1 8.314 J K 1 mol 1 1.602 10 19 C 9.649 104 C mol 1 6.626 10 34 J s 8.854 10 12 C2 J 1 m 1 1.661 10 27 kg 1.673 10 27 kg 9.109 10 31 kg 6.674 10 11 N m2 kg 2 9.80665 m s 2 (N kg 1) 2.998 108 m s 1 6.022 1023 mole 1 1.381 10 16 erg/deg 8.314 107 erg/mole-deg 4.803 10 10 esu 9.649 104 C/mole 6.626 10 27 erg sec 1 1.661 10 24 gm 1.673 10 24 gm 9.109 10 28 gm 6.674 10 8 cm3/gm-sec2 980.665 cm/sec2 2.998 1010 cm/sec Atomic mass unit (also denoted by a.m.u. and a.u.), which is also the modern unit of molecular weight, the Dalton (Da). Intermolecular and Surface Forces This page intentionally left blank Intermolecular and Surface Forces Third Edition Jacob N. Israelachvili UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA , C ALIFORNIA, USA AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGOSAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Third edition 2011 Copyright Ó 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email:
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