Volume 71 Epigenetics and Cancer, Part B Advances in Genetics, Volume 71 Serial Editors Theodore Friedmann University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, USA Jay C. Dunlap Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA Stephen F. Goodwin University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Volume 71 Epigenetics and Cancer, Part B Edited by Zdenko Herceg Epigenetics Group International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Lyon, France Toshikazu Ushijima Carcinogenesis Division National Cancer Centre Research Institute Tokyo, Japan AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BY, UK Radarweg 29, POBox 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands First edition 2010 Copyright ß 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email:
[email protected] Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. ISBN: 978-0-12-380864-6 ISSN: 0065-2660 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at elsevierdirect.com Printed and bound in USA 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors Preface xi ix SECTION I EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL AND DIETARY/ LIFESTYLE FACTORS 1 1 Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Dietary and Other Environmental Factors 3 John C. Mathers, Gordon Strathdee, and Caroline L. Relton I. Introduction 4 II. Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Dietary and Other Environmental Factors 9 III. Conclusions 27 References 30 2 Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Chronic Inflammation and Its Significance on Carcinogenesis 41 Tohru Niwa and Toshikazu Ushijima I. Introduction 42 II. Traditional Views on How Inflammation Leads to Cancers 43 III. Epigenetic Alteration Induced by Inflammation and Its Significance on Carcinogenesis 44 IV. Mechanisms for Induct