Women’s Human Rights Monitoring Report Gender-Based Crimes Against Humanity: Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965 Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965 Women’s Human Rights Monitoring Report GENDER-BASED CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: LISTENING TO THE VOICES OF WOMEN SURVIVORS OF 1965 Printed 2007 ISBN: 978-979-25-7546-7 Authors Team: Ita F. Nadia Karen Campbell Nelson Sawitri Rina Widyawati Experts Team: Agung Ayu Ratih Galuh Wandita Reader Team: Kamala Chandrakirana Husayn Muhammad Abda A’la Arimbi Heroepoetri Neng Dara Affiah Vien Soesono Data Collection and Verification Team: Theodora Josephin Erlijna (Lingkar Tutur Perempuan) Ester Rini Pratsnawati (Lingkar Tutur Perempuan) Kusnul Hidayati (Syarikat Indonesia) Rumekso Setyadi (Syarikat Indonesia) Design Team: Paragraphworld.deviantart.com Jl. Latuharhary No.4B Jakarta 10310 Indonesia Telp: +62-21 390 3963 Fax: +62-21 390 3922 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.komnasperempuan.or.id Table of Content Table of Content Table of Content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Glossary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 7 19 24 CHAPTER I METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS OF PROMOTING DIALOGUE - --------------- 25 A. B. C. D. E. F. Documentation and Study -------------------------------------------------------------------- Mutual Learning --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Teaching History --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pioneering Reconciliation Efforts ------------------------------------------------------------ Paving the Way for Dialogue - --------------------------------------------------------------- Teaching History --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 31 32 32 33 35 CHAPTER II HISTORICAL CONTEXT -------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 A. B. C. D. Background of Gerwani - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Mass Media and Negative Propaganda about Gerwani ------------------------------- From Negative Propaganda to Physical Attacks ----------------------------------------- The Impact Of Attacks Against Gerwani On The Women’s Movement ------------ 46 48 58 60 CHAPTER III FINDINGS ON HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AGAINST WOMEN------------- 65 A. Patterns of Human Rights Violation Against Women --------------------------- 67 Right to Life and Right to Protection from Forced Disappearance - -------------- Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • Women Victims of Extrajudicial Killing and Forced Disappearance ------------------ 67 68 69 Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965 Right to Protection from Arbitrary Detention, Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment - -------------------------------------------------------- Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • Women in Detention -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inhumane and degrad