10166_FM 02/07/10 2:52 PM Page i 10166_FM 02/07/10 2:52 PM Page i Review of Organic Functional Groups Introduction to Medicinal Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition Thomas L. Lemke, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus College of Pharmacy University of Houston Houston, Texas CASE AUTHORS: Victoria F. Roche, Ph.D. Senior Associate Dean School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Omaha, Nebraska S. William Zito, Ph.D. Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions St. John’s University Jamaica, New York 10166_FM 01/07/10 5:23 PM Page ii Senior Acquisitions Editor: David Troy Managing Editor: Meredith Brittain Product Managers: Meredith Brittain/Paula Williams Marketing Manager: Allison Powell Designer: Holly McLaughlin Compositor: MPS Limited, A Macmillan Company Fifth Edition Copyright © 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at
[email protected], or via website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lemke, Thomas L. Review of organic functional groups: introduction to medicinal organic chemistry/ Thomas L. Lemke.—5th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60831-016-6 (alk. paper) 1. Pharmaceutical chemistry. I. Title. RS403.L397 2012 615’.19—dc22 2010023763 DISCLAIMER Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations