Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Volume 220 Managing Editor: G. Höhler, Karlsruhe Editors: A. Fujimori, Chiba J. Kühn, Karlsruhe Th. Müller, Karlsruhe F. Steiner, Ulm J. Trümper, Garching C. Varma, California P. Wölfle, Karlsruhe Starting with Volume 165, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics is part of the [SpringerLink] service. For all customers with standing orders for Springer Tracts in Modern Physics we offer the full text in electronic form via [SpringerLink] free of charge. Please contact your librarian who can receive a password for free access to the full articles by registration at: springerlink.com If you do not have a standing order you can nevertheless browse online through the table of contents of the volumes and the abstracts of each article and perform a full text search. There you will also find more information about the series. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Springer Tracts in Modern Physics provides comprehensive and critical reviews of topics of current interest in physics. The following fields are emphasized: elementary particle physics, solid-state physics, complex systems, and fundamental astrophysics. Suitable reviews of other fields can also be accepted. The editors encourage prospective authors to correspond with them in advance of submitting an article. For reviews of topics belonging to the above mentioned fields, they should address the responsible editor, otherwise the managing editor. See also springer.com Managing Editor Gerhard Höhler Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik Universität Karlsruhe Postfach 69 80 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Phone: +49 (7 21) 6 08 33 75 Fax: +49 (7 21) 37 07 26 Email:
[email protected] www-ttp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/ Solid-State Physics, Editors Atsushi Fujimori Editor for The Pacific Rim Department of Complexity Science and Engineering University of Tokyo Graduate School of Frontier Sciences 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan Email:
[email protected] http://wyvern.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/welcome_en.html Elementary Particle Physics, Editors Johann H. Kühn C. Varma Editor for The Americas Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik Universität Karlsruhe Postfach 69 80 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Phone: +49 (7 21) 6 08 33 72 Fax: +49 (7 21) 37 07 26 Email:
[email protected] www-ttp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/∼jk Department of Physics University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Phone: +1 (951) 827-5331 Fax: +1 (951) 827-4529 Email:
[email protected] www.physics.ucr.edu Thomas Müller Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik Fakultät für Physik Universität Karlsruhe Postfach 69 80 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Phone: +49 (7 21) 6 08 35 24 Fax: +49 (7 21) 6 07 26 21 Email: