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THE DIN-I-ILAHI OR THE RELIGION OF AKBAR BY MAKHANLAL ROYCHOUDHURY, M.A..B.L, SASTRI PREMCHAND ROYCHAND SCHOLAR, MOUAT GOLD MEDALIST PROFESSOR, T. N. JUBILEE COLLEGE, BHAGALPUR PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA 1941 PRINTED IN INDIA. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY BHUPENDRALAL BANERJEE AT THE CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY PRESS, 48, HAZRA ROAD, BALLYGUNGE, CALCUTTA C. U. Press-Reg. No. !280B~April, 1941-E. DEDICATED TO THE SACRED MEMORY OF MY FATHER AND MOTHER CONTENTS Pages SYNOPSIS ... ... FOREWORD ... ... ... ix-xviii xviii(a)-xviii(c) PREFACE ... ... ... xix-xxiv INTRODUCTION ... ... ... xxv-xliii The Indian Background ... The Central Asian Back- 1-25 ... 26-44 -The Pendulum Oscillates 45-69 CHAPTER CHAPTER I II ground CHAPTER CHAPTER IV III ... ... The Period of Quest (The IbadatKhana) Appendix A 16th the of Appendix B. the Ibadat V Section The 1 . ... ... of Khana Forces at The Work Sunnis The at ... 116-120 ... 121-213 the ... 121-127 Shias at the Court Akbar Section 3. 97-115 Three Paintings of Court of Akbar Section 2. 70-96 (The century Mahzar) CHAPTER ... ... The Muslim Rulers . ... The Hindus Court of Akbar ... at 127-135 the ... 135-147 CONTENTS vin Pages The Section 4. Zoroastrians at Akbar the Court of The Section 5. of ... The ... Sikhs ... The Buddhists 7. Court of Akbar of Akbar ... ... Christians at Court of Akbar CHAPTER VI The Period tions (the Ains) (Mulla point of CHAPTER VII The Promulgation VIII CHAPTER Movement The 169-170 the ... 170-213 of Legisla... ... Badauni Appendix. Muntakhabu-t T 165-169 Court at the ... The Section 9. 162-165 at the ... The Jews Section 8. 157-162 the at Court of Akbar Section 147-157 Jains at the Court Akbar Section 6. ... and w view a r 213-267 his i k h criticised) Din-i-Ilahi ... 268-275 in ... 276-289 Din-i-Ilahi in ... ... 290-309 ... ... 310-320 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES ... 321-334 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ... 335-337 BIBLIOGRAPHY SYNOPSIS CHAPTER THE INDIAN BACKGROUND I (Cultural Fusion) Arabian Islam contrastIslam in the hands of the Turks Motive of Turki invaders Religion an incentive to spirit of conquest and Alleged intolerance in Islam ed murder Ghazni, Ghori,<