STEVENS’ HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY THIRD EDITION Volume 1: Sensation and Perception Editor-in-Chief HAL PASHLER Volume Editor STEVEN YANTIS John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pashler-44104 pash44104˙fm January 11, 2002 14:8 vi pashler-44104 pash44104˙fm January 11, 2002 14:8 STEVENS’ HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY THIRD EDITION Volume 1: Sensation and Perception i pashler-44104 pash44104˙fm January 11, 2002 14:8 ii pashler-44104 pash44104˙fm January 11, 2002 14:8 STEVENS’ HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY THIRD EDITION Volume 1: Sensation and Perception Editor-in-Chief HAL PASHLER Volume Editor STEVEN YANTIS John Wiley & Sons, Inc. iii pashler-44104 pash44104˙fm February 26, 2002 13:45 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. Copyright © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including uploading, downloading, printing, decompiling, recording or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail:
[email protected] This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stevens’ handbook of experimental psychology / Hal Pashler, editor-in-chief — 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v. 1. Sensation and perception — v. 2. Memory and cognitive processes — v. 3. Learning, motivation, and emotion — v. 4. Methodology in experimental psychology. ISBN 0-471-44333-6 (set) — ISBN 0–471–37777–5 (v. 1 : cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 0–471–38030–X (v. 2 : cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 0–471–38047–4 (v. 3 : cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 0–471–37888–7 (v. 4 : cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 0–471–44333–6 (set) 1. Psychology, Experimental. I. Pashler, Harold E. BF181.H336 2001 150—dc21 2001046809 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. S