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Arts, Entertainment and Tourism To Andy and Claire with love Arts, Entertainment and Tourism Howard Hughes BSc (Econ), MA, PhD Professor of Tourism Management Manchester Metropolitan University OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published 2000 © Howard Hughes 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7506 4533 4 Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Laser Quay, Rochester, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Introduction The arts context The tourism context The arts-related tourist The arts-related tourism product The arts perspective The tourism perspective Impact Conclusions and implications vii ix 1 12 30 48 74 98 124 151 181 Some illustrative cases New York: Broadway London: West End Las Vegas British seaside resorts: early developments Blackpool Atlantic City Coney Island Cromer and Bexhill Adelaide Festival Buxton Festival Glastonbury Festival Mardi Gras Oberammergau 201 201 204 207 209 211 213 214 215 216 219 221 224 227 References 229 Index 241 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Acknowledgements Just before finishing this book I spent a weekend in London. This trip was to celebrate a ‘special’ birthday and, although seeing a show was not the reason for the trip, it seemed an obvious thing to do as part of the celebration. With no particular show in mind, a search for something suitable (and with tickets available!) resulted in our seeing Andrew Lloyd Webber’s ‘Starlight Express’ at the Apollo Victoria. I confess to having enjoyed the experience! About a year earlier I had spent another weekend in London but this time with the sole purpose of seeing Wagner’s opera ‘Parsifal’ at the Coliseum theatre. I was not surprised at having enjoyed that! On these two different occasions, a visit to the theatre has been a part of my time spent away from home as a tourist. It is this experience of seeing shows, plays and dance and listening to concerts and operas whilst away from home that is the subject of this book. Most of my visits away from home have involved some experiences of concert halls, theatres or cabaret clubs. During my first visit to Spain in the 1960s a visit to a Spanish floor-show was an obligatory part of this new experience of having a foreign holiday. The performances were designed for the foreign visitor and, even then, I could guess they provided nothing that remotely resembled an authentic experience. More recently, I went to see a play in a theatre in Samarkand where I had no idea whatsoever what was going on. This was during a week-long advisory visit to the local university. Concerts, opera and plays play an important part in my life, though more usually here in my home town than in London, the Costa Brava or Uzbekistan, and I ha