178 Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology Editors F. F. Beck, Melbourne · B. Christ, Freiburg F. Clascá, Madrid · D. E. Haines, Jackson H.-W. Korf, Frankfurt · W. Kummer, Giessen E. Marani, Leiden · R. Putz, München Y. Sano, Kyoto · T. H. Schiebler, Würzburg K. Zilles, Düsseldorf S. Milz · M. Benjamin · R. Putz Molecular Parameters Indicating Adaptation to Mechanical Stress in Fibrous Connective Tissue With 15 Figures and 13 Tables 123 PD Dr. med. Stefan Milz AO Research Institute Clavadelerstrasse 7270 Davos Switzerland e-mail:
[email protected] Professor Michael Benjamin School of Biosciences Cardiff University Museum Avenue, PO Box 911 Cardiff CF10 3US United Kingdom e-mail:
[email protected] Professor Dr. med. Dr. hc. Reinhard Putz Anatomische Anstalt Pettenkoferstr. 11 80336 München Germany e-mail:
[email protected] Library of Congress Catalog Number 2004117783 ISSN 0301-5556 ISBN-10 3-540-24474-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-24474-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September, 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Editor: Dr. Paul Roos, Heidelberg Desk editor: Anne Clauss, Heidelberg Production editor: Nadja Kroke, Leipzig Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Typesetting: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 11382430 27/3150/YL – 5 4 3 2 1 0 List of Contents 1 1.1 1.2 ................... ................... 1 1 1.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adaptation of Connective and Supportive Tissues to Their Respective Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parameters of Functional Adaptation . . . . . . . . . ................... ................... 2 4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Aim of the Study . . . . . . . . . . Fundamental Consideratio