ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY VOLUME 26 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME HERMAN BOUWER K. 0. RACHIE R. L. CHANEY L. M. ROBERTS M. E. HARWARD C. W. STUBER SHERWOOD B. IDSO B. R. TRENBATH R. H. MOLL KOJI WADA F. J. ZILLINSKY ADVISORY BOARD w. L. COLVILLE, CHAIRMAN (1973) G. W. KUNZE(1973) D. G . BAKER(1974) D. E. WEIBEL(1974) G. R. DUTT (1975) H. J. GORZ(1975) N. c. BRADY, EX OFFICIO M. STELLY,EX OFFICIO ASA Headquarters ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY Prepared under the Auspices of the AMERICAN SOCIETYOF AGRONOMY VOLUME 26 Edited by N. C. BRADY International Rice Research Institute Manila, Philippines 1974 ACADEMIC PRESS New York San Francisco London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers COPYRIGHT @ 1974, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London N W l LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER:5 0-55 98 ISBN 0-12-000726-6 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS ......................................... iX PREFACE........................................................... xi CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 26 GRAIN LEGUMES OF THE LOWLAND TROPICS K . 0. RACHIEAND L . M . ROBERTS I . Importance and Production ...................................... .................................................... Peanuts ...................................................... Pigeon Peas .................................................. Cowpeas .................................................... Mung Beans .................................................. Secondary Species ............................................. Conclusions .................................................. References ................................................... I1. Botanical . 111 IV. V. VI . VII . VIII. 2 7 11 32 44 62 77 91 118 LAND TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER HERMANBOWER . . 111. IV. I I1 AND R . L. CHANEY Introduction ................................................... Fate of Wastewater Constituents in Soil ............................ Crop Response ................................................. Selection and Design of System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 135 164 167 169 BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF MIXTURES B. R . TRENBATH I. I1 111 IV . . . V. VI. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of Yields of Mixtures and Monocultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theoretical Considerations ....................................... Types of Interaction Causing Nontransgressive Deviations of Mixture Yields from Mid-Monoculture Values ............................. Mechanisms Capable of Causing Transgressive Yielding by Mixtures . . . Conclusions ................................................... References .................................................... V 177 179 183 186 196 205 206 vi CONTENT