Advanced Methods And Tools For Ecg Data Analysis

P1: Shashi August 24, 2006 11:32 Chan-Horizon Azuaje˙Book Advanced Methods and Tools for ECG Data Analysis P1: Shashi August 24, 2006 11:32 Chan-Horizon Azuaje˙Book This book is part of the Artech House Engineering in Medicine & Biology Series, Martin L. Yarmush and Christopher J. James, Series Editors. For a listing of recent related Artech House titles, turn to the back of this book. P1: Shashi August 24, 2006 11:32 Chan-Horizon Azuaje˙Book Advanced Methods and Tools for ECG Data Analysis Gari D. Clifford Francisco Azuaje Patrick E. McSharry Editors artechhouse.com P1: Shashi August 24, 2006 11:32 Chan-Horizon Azuaje˙Book Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from this U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-10: 1-58053-966-1 ISBN-13: 978-1-58053-966-1 Cover design by Michael Moretti © 2006 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 P1: Shashi August 24, 2006 11:32 Chan-Horizon Azuaje˙Book Contents Preface xi CHAPTER 1 The Physiological Basis of the Electrocardiogram 1 1.1 Cellular Processes That Underlie the ECG 1.2 The Physical Basis of Electrocardiography 1.2.1 The Normal Electrocardiogram 1.3 Introduction to Clinical Electrocardiography: Abnormal Patterns 1.3.1 The Normal Determinants of Heart Rate: The Autonomic Nervous System 1.3.2 Ectopy, Tachycardia, and Fibrillation 1.3.3 Conduction Blocks, Bradycardia, and Escape Rhythms 1.3.4 Cardiac Ischemia, Other Metabolic Disturbances, and Structural Abnormalities 1.3.5 A Basic Approach to ECG Analysis 1.4 Summary References Selected Bibliography 20 23 24 24 25 CHAPTER 2 ECG Acquisition, Storage, Transmission, and Representation 27 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Initial Design Considerations 2.2.1 Selecting a Patient Population 2.2.2 Data Collection Location and Length 2.2.3 Energy and Data Transmission Routes 2.2.4 Electrode Type and Configuration 2.2.5 ECG-Related Signals 2.2.6 Issues When Collecting Data from Humans 2.3 Choice of Data Libraries 2.4 Database Analysis—An Example Using WFDB 2.5 ECG Acquisition Hardware 2.5.1 Single-Channel Architecture 2.5.2 Isolation and Protection 2.5.3 Primary Common-Mode Noise Reduction: Active Grounding Circuit 2.5.4 Increasing Input Impedance: CMOS Buffer Stage 2.5.5 Preamplification and Isolation 1 4 6 12 12 15 18 27 28 28 29 30 30 32 33 35 37 41 41 42 43 43 44 v P1