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Written for general readers, teachers, journalists, and policymakers, this volume explores four controversial topics in science and technology, with commentaries from experts in such fields as sociology, religion, law, ethics, and politics:* Antibiotics and Resistance: the science, the policy debates, and perspectives from a microbiologist, a veterinarian, and an M.D.* Genetically Modified Maize and Gene Flow: the science of genetic modification, protecting genetic diversity, agricultural biotech vesus the environment, corporate patents versus farmers' rights* Hormone Replacement Theory and Menopause: overview of the Women's Health Initiative, history of hormone replacement therapy, the medicalization of menopause, hormone replacement therapy and clinical trials* Smallpox: historical and medical overview of smallpox, government policies for public health, the Emergency Health Powers Act, public resistance vs. cooperation.
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Controversies in Science and Technology SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY Series Editors Daniel Lee Kleinman Jo Handelsman Advisory Board Caitilyn Allen University of Wisconsin–Madison Wendy Baldwin University of Kentucky David Baum University of Wisconsin–Madison Patricia Flatley Brennan University of Wisconsin–Madison Sandra Harding University of California–Los Angeles Cora Marrett University of Wisconsin System Catherine Middlecamp University of Wisconsin–Madison Kelly Moore City University of New York Andrea Tone McGill University Controversies in Science and Technology From Maize to Menopause Edited by Daniel Lee Kleinman, Abby J. Kinchy, and Jo Handelsman THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN PRESS This book was published with the generous support of the Brittingham Fund and of the Evjue Foundation, Inc., the charitable arm of the Capital Times. The University of Wisconsin Press 1930 Monroe Street Madison, Wisconsin 53711 www.wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/ 3 Henrietta Street London WC2E 8LU, England Copyright © 2005 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System All rights reserved 1 3 5 4 2 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kleinman, Daniel Lee. Controversies in science and technology: from maize to menopause / Daniel Lee Kleinman, Abby J. Kinchy, and Jo Handelsman. p. cm.—(Science and technology in society) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-299-20390-5 (hardcover: alk. paper)— ISBN 0-299-20394-8 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Genetic engineering—Popular works. 2. Antibiotics in agriculture—Popular works. 3. Menopause—Hormone therapy—Popular works. 4. Bioterrorism—Popular works. 5. Science—Social aspects—Popular works. 6. Technology—Social aspects—Popular works. I. Kinchy, Abby J. II. Handelsman, Jo. III. Title. IV. Series. QH442.K57 2004 303.48 3—dc22 2004012829 This book is dedicated to the memory of Blossom Handelsman, who lost the battle with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and to Fred Buttel, who has been a teacher and friend to all three of us. Contents Acknowledgements Introduction: From Maize to Menopause Abby J. Kinchy, Daniel Lee Kleinman, and Jo Handelsman Part 1: Overuse of Antibiotics on the Farm 1 Antibiotic Resistance: The Agricultural Connection Christine Mlot 2 Agricultural Antibiotics: Features of a Controversy Brian Martin 3 Agricultural Uses of Antibiotics: Evaluating Possible Safety Concerns Abigail A. Salyers 4 Antibiotics in Animal Agriculture: An Ecosystem Dilemma Randall S. Singer 5 The Impact of Antibiotic Use in Agriculture on Human Health and the Appropriate Public Policy Response Tamar Barlam Part 2: Genetically Modified Crops: Global Issues 6 Genetic Modification and Gene Flow: An Overview Allison A. Snow 7 Introduction of Transgenic Crops in Centers of Origin and Domes