ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY VOLUME 20 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Experimental Social Psychology EDITED BY Leonard Berkowitz DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON MADISON, WISCONSIN VOLUME 20 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harrourt Brace Jovanovich. Publishers San Diego New York Berkeley Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto COPYRIGHT 0 1987, ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY. RECORDING. OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, California 92101 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road. London NW1 7DX Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 64-23452 ISBN 0-12-015220-7 (ak. paper) PR"TED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 87888990 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Attitudes, Traits, and Actions: Dispositional Prediction of Behavior in Personality and Social Psychology Icek Ajzen 1. 11. 111. IV. V. VI. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manifestation of Dispositions in Behavior . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proposed Solutions . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . ................ The Principle of Correspondence . . , , . , . . , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prediction of Specific Actions . . . ........................... Discussion and Conclusions . , , , , . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. References .............................. .. 1 3 10 35 42 52 55 Prosocial Motivation: Is it Ever Truly Altruistic? C. Daniel Batson 1. 11. 111. IV. V. VI. ............... Introduction . . , . . . _ _. . . . . . . . . . _ _. . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Contemporary Psychological Discussions of Altruism . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 A Three-Path Model Comparing and Contrasting Egoi Induced Altruistic Motivation for Helping . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Making the Theoretical Assumptions Explicit: Three Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 96 Empirical Evidence for Ily Evoked Altruistic Motivation . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . , . . . . . . ............ . . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . _ . _ _ .114 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ......... ....... 115 Dimensions of Group Process: Amount and Structure of Vocal Interaction James M. Dabbs, Jr. and R. Bany Ruback I. 11. III. IV. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amount and Structure of Vocal Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Grouptalk Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Collection and Management . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V 123 125 133 136 vi CONTENTS V. VII . VIII . Initial Studies ............................... ............................... Structure of Vocal Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 140 142 158 165 The Dynamics of Opinion Formation Harold B . Gerard and Ruben Orive I. I1 . 111. IV . Introduction . .