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Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia is the only reference work that provides a comprehensive history of polar exploration from the ancient period through the present day. The author is a noted polar scholar and offers dramatic accounts of all major explorers and their expeditions, together with separate exploration histories for specific islands, regions, and uncharted waters. He presents a wealth of fascinating information under a variety of subject entries including methods of transport, myths, achievements, and record-breaking activities.By approaching polar exploration biographically, geographically, and topically, Mills reveals a number of intriguing connections between the various explorers, their patrons and times, and the process of discovery in all areas of the polar regions. Furthermore, he provides the reader with a clear understanding of the intellectual climate as well as the dominant social, economic, and political forces surrounding each expedition. Readers will learn why the journeys were undertaken, not just where, when, and how.
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Cover-image not available Exploring POLAR FRONTIERS Advisory Committee William Barr Arctic Institute of North America University of Calgary Alberta, Canada Ann Savours Formerly of the Scott Polar Research Institute Cambridge, England and the National Maritime Museum Greenwich, London Erki Tammiksaar Director, Karl Ernst von Baer Museum Tartu, Estonia Geoff Renner Expedition leader, advisor, and lecturer Exploring POLAR FRONTIERS A Historical Encyclopedia Volume 1, A–L William James Mills With contributions by David Clammer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Jenny Mai Handford, Rear Admiral John Myres, Geoff Renner and David Stam Santa Barbara, California—•—Denver, Colorado—•—Oxford, England Copyright 2003 by William James Mills All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mills, William J. (William James), 1951– Exploring polar frontiers : a historical encyclopedia / William James Mills. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 1-57607-422-6 (2 v. : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 1-57607-423-4 (e-book) 1. Polar regions—Encyclopedias. 2. Polar regions—Discovery and exploration—Encyclopedias. 3. Explorers—Polar regions—Biography—Encyclopedias. I. Title. G587.M55 2003 910’.911’03—dc22 2003019362 07 06 05 04 03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an e-book. Visit abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, Inc. 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Manufactured in the United States of America. Contents Entries Listed in Chronological Order, xi Entries Listed by Category, xix Maps, xxiii Introduction, xlv EXPLORING POLAR FRONTIERS A Historical Encyclopedia Volume 1, A–L Abruzzi, Luigi Duke of (1873–1933), 1 Adams, Jameson (1880–1962), 3 Adelaide Island (Antarctic Peninsula), 4 Adélie Land (Antarctica), 4 Adventurers, 5 Airplanes, 5 Airships, 8 Alexander Island (Antarctic Peninsula), 9 Alexandra Land (Franz Josef Land), 9 Alger Island (Franz Josef Land), 10 Amdrup, Georg (1866–1947), 10 Amsterdam Island (Svalbard), 12 Amund Ringnes Island (Canada), 12 Amundsen, Roald (1872–1928), 13 Amundsen Sea (Antarctica), 20 Anderson, William (1921–), 20 Andersson, Gunnar (1874–1960), 22 Andrée, Salomon (1854–1897), 23 Anjou, Peter (1796–1869), 26 Antarctic Peninsula, 27 Antarctic Peninsula, East Coast, 28 Antarctic Sound (Antarcti