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Edited by J.A. Callow and supported by an international Editorial Board, Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Currently in its 42nd volume, the series features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant pathology, physiology and ecology. This eclectic volume features five reviews on cutting-edge topics of interest to incorporate advances in plant pathology. * Includes most advanced reviews by distinguished researchers* Covers topics such as the impact of molecular data in fungal systematics and chloroplast control of nuclear gene expression
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Chemical Manipulation of Antioxidant Defences in Plants ROBERT EDWARDS, MELISSA BRAZIER-HICKS, DAVID P. DIXON AND IAN CUMMINS School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom I. Oxidative Stress In Plants and Exposure to Xenobiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Mechanisms of Chemically Imposed Oxidative Damage. . . . . . . . . . . . B. Counteracting Oxidative Damage Caused by Xenobiotics . . . . . . . . . . II. A Central Protective Role for GSH and GSTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Plant GSTs as Multifunctional GSH-Dependent Proteins . . . . . . . . . . B. GSTs and Xenobiotic Detoxification in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Roles for GSTs in Counteracting Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Inducibility of GSTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Safeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Mode of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Safener Enhancement of GSTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Safener Enhancement of Other Xenome Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. Herbicide Safeners, the Xenome, and Cell Signalling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Functions for an Inducible Plant Xenome? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. What is the Relationship between Safener-Responsive and Other Plant Signalling Pathways?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Do All Safeners Work the Same Way?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Safeners and Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Selective Enhancement of GSTs with Antioxidant Functions . . . . . . . B. Safener-Inducible GSTs are Active GPOXs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Safener induction of DHARs and GSTLs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Coordinated Upregulation of Antioxidant Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . VI. Safeners and Signal Transduction in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Gene Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Primary Signalling Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advances in Botanical Research, Vol. 42 Incorporating Advances in Plant Pathology Copyright 2005, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2 4 5 6 6 7 9 11 11 12 13 14 15 15 17 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 24 24 0065-2296/05 $35.00 DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2296(04)42001-1 2 R. EDWARDS ET AL. VII. Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .