Nutrition Essentials: A Guide For Health Managers

NUTRITION ESSENTIALS A GUIDE FOR HEALTH MANAGERS NUTRITION ESSENTIALS A GUIDE FOR HEALTH MANAGERS ii Nutrition Essentials: A Guide for Health Managers ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The main authors of this publication are Tina Sanghvi (BASICS), Roger Shrimpton, and Bruno de Benoist (WHO). Contributors include: Karabi Bhattacharyya (BASICS), Bart Burkhalter (BASICS), Eyunyong Chung (USAID), Graeme Clugston (WHO), Frances Davidson (USAID), Serigne Mbaye Diene (BASICS), Leslie Elder (Mothercare project/JSI), Michael Favin (The Manoff Group), Rebecca Fields (BASICS), Holly Fluty (USAID), Rae Galloway (BASICS), Stuart Gillespie (Consultant), Peter Gottert (AED), Marcia Griffiths (The Manoff Group), Agnes Guyon (BASICS), Phillip Harvey (MOST), Sandra Huffman (LINKAGES and Ready to Learn), Samuel Kahn (USAID), Maryanne Stone-Jimenez (LINKAGES/LLL), Saskia van der Kam (Medecin Sans Frontiers), Rose Lungu (NFNC/Zambia), Kristen Marsh (USAID), Reynaldo Martorell (Emory University), Jose Mora (MOST), Altrena Mukuria (MACRO International), Ritu Nalubola (MOST), Maguette Ndiaye (BASICS), Robert Northrup (BASICS), Nosa Orobaton (BASICS), Ellen Piwoz (SANA/AED), Sjoerd Postma (DANIDA), David Pyle (BASICS),Timothy Quick (USAID), Mark Rasmuson (BASICS), Jay Ross (LINKAGES), Randa Saadeh (WHO), Robert Steinglass (BASICS), Ronald Waldman (BASICS), Jelka Zupan (WHO), and others. The Nutrition and Health Sections of UNICEF Programme Division, in New York have reveiwed various drafts of the book, and contributed extensively to the revisions. The editors are Rosemarie Philips and Pat Shawkey. PHOTO CREDITS Front cover and page 25: UNICEF/93-1726/Lemoyne, title page and page 29: Sudan, 1993, UNICEF/ 93-1007/Press, page 48: Mark Edwards/Still Pictures, page 67: UNICEF/95-0134/Charton, page 81: UNICEF/South Africa, page 123: Shehzad Noorani/Still Pictures. All other photos are property of the BASICS Project. This document is not a formal publication of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) or the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. © WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 1999. Reprinted by BASICS II in 2004 under contract no. HRN-C-00-99-00007-00. BASICS is a global child survival support project funded by the Office of Health and Nutrition of the Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support, and Research of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The agency’s Child Survival Division provides technical guidance and assists in strategy development and program implementation in child survival, including interventions aimed at child morbidity and infant and child nutrition. BASICS II is conducted by the Partnership for Child Health Care, Inc. under Contract No. HRN-C-00-9900007-00. Partners are the Academy for Educational Development, Emory University, John Snow, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, Management Sciences for Health, The Manoff Group, Inc., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Sve the Children Federation, Inc., and TSL. This document does not necessarily represent the views or opinions of USAID. Preface Health managers working at the central or district level in developing countries can use the information in this guide to strengthen nutrition activities in their programs. Other sector managers in agriculture, education, rural development, and social welfare programs will also find the guide useful to enhance their nutrition activities. The guide is neither a full, societal, multisectoral review of nutrition problems nor does it provide answers to solve all nutrition problems. However,