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From a barrage of photons, we readily and effortlessly recognize the faces of our friends, and the familiar objects and scenes around us. However, these tasks cannot be simple for our visual systems--faces are all extremely similar as visual patterns, and objects look quite different when viewed from different viewpoints. How do our visual systems solve these problems? The contributors to this volume seek to answer this question by exploring how analytic and holistic processes contribute to our perception of faces, objects, and scenes. The role of parts and wholes in perception has been studied for a century, beginning with the debate between Structuralists, who championed the role of elements, and Gestalt psychologists, who argued that the whole was different from the sum of its parts. This is the first volume to focus on the current state of the debate on parts versus wholes as it exists in the field of visual perception by bringing together the views of the leading researchers. Too frequently, researchers work in only one domain, so they are unaware of the ways in which holistic and analytic processing are defined in different areas. The contributors to this volume ask what analytic and holistic processes are like; whether they contribute differently to the perception of faces, objects, and scenes; whether different cognitive and neural mechanisms code holistic and analytic information; whether a single, universal system can be sufficient for visual-information processing, and whether our subjective experience of holistic perception might be nothing more than a compelling illusion. The result is a snapshot of the current thinking on how the processing of wholes and parts contributes to our remarkable ability to recognize faces, objects, and scenes, and an illustration of the diverse conceptions of analytic and holistic processing that currently coexist, and the variety of approaches that have been brought to bear on the issues.
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Perception of Faces, Objects, and Scenes: Analytic and Holistic Processes Mary A. Peterson Gillian Rhodes, Editors OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PERCEPTION OF FACES, OBJECTS, AND SCENES ADVANCES IN VISUAL COGNITION Series Editors Gillian Rhodes Mary A. Peterson Perception of Faces, Objects, and Scenes: Analytic and Holistic Process Edited by Mary A. Peterson and Gillian Rhodes Perception of Faces, Objects, and Scenes Analytic and Holistic Processes EDITED BY Mary A. Peterson and Gillian Rhodes 1 2003 1 Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sa˜o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright 2003 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Contents Contributors Introduction: Analytic and Holistic Processing—The View Through Different Lenses Mary A. Peterson and Gillian Rhodes vii 3 1. What Are the Routes to Face Recognition? James C. Bartlett, Jean H. Searcy, and Herve´ Abdi 21 2. The Holistic Representation of Faces James W. Tanaka