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Water treatment is a growing field in North America, with seventy US states and localities and ten Canadian provinces requiring certification for water treatment plant operators. This book provides a step-by-step look at the most current water treatment technologies, balancing academic theory and professional practice. A compilation of studies conducted over the past decade at the Bloomington, Illinois Water Treatment Plant, it presents studies that are useful as templates for comparable long-term studies at other water utilities. This is an unparalleled gathering of techniques, processes, and data, including test results for every potential taste and odor control method.
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WATER TREATMENT PLANT PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS AND OPERATIONS WATER TREATMENT PLANT PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS AND OPERATIONS JOHN T. O’CONNOR and TOM O’CONNOR H2O’C Engineering RICK TWAIT Superintendent of Water Purification, City of Bloomington, IL Copyright # 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: while the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advise and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: O’Connor, John, 1933 Feb. 11– Water treatment plant performance evaluations and operations / John O’Connor, Tom O’Connor, Rick Twait. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-470-28861-0 (cloth) 1. Water treatment plants- -Evaluation. 2. Water quality- -Measurement. I. O’Connor, Tom, 1966– II. Twait, Rick. III. Title. TD434.O278 2009 628.1’6--dc22 2008032179 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Preface ix 1 1 Microscopic Particle Analysis Bloomington Water Sources and Treatment Plant Processes, 3 Number of Bacterial Cells in Natural and Treated Waters, 11 Results of Microscopic Enumeration,