ADVANCES IN Experimenta1 Social Psychology VOLUME 28 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN Experimental Social Psychology EDITED BY Mark P. Zanna DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO WATERLOO. ONTARIO. CANADA VOLUME 28 ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1996 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX International Standard Serial Number: 0065-2601 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-015228-2 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 96 97 9 8 9 9 00 01 BB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Contributors ........................................................ in The Biopsychosocial Model of Arousal Regulation Jim Blascovich and Joe Tomaka I. Introduction ............. 11. 111. IV. V. VI. 1 Arousal and Its Regulation Theory: The Biopsychosocial Model ................................ Empirical Model .................................. Research ............ ......................... Conclusions and Future ions .................................. References ....................................................... 5 9 44 46 Outcome Biases in Social Perception: Implications for Dispositional Inference, Attitude Change, Stereotyping, and Social Behavior Scott T. Allison, Diane M. Mackie, and David M. Messick I. Introduction ..................................................... 11. Historical Roots of Outcome-Biased Inferences ...................... 111. Outcome-Biased Dispositional Inferences: Theoretical Underpinnings ... IV. V. Outcome-Biased Inferences: Implications for Attitude Change, Stereotyping, and Social Behavior .................................. Conclusions ...................................................... References ....................................................... V 53 54 56 67 86 90 vi CONTENTS Principles of Judging Valence: What Makes Events Positive or Negative? C. Miguel Brendl and E. Tory Higgins I. I1. I11. IV. V. VI. VII . VIII. Introduction ................................................ Hierarchical Organization of Goals ................................. The Principle of Goal Supportiveness ............................... The Principle of Membership Status ................................ The Principle of Referential Status: The Case of ................ Reference Points ............................ The Principle of Response Elicitation ............................... Implications ............................... Final Comment ................................................... References ............................................ ...... 95 98 101 119 125 133 138 151 152 Pluralistic Ignora