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The recovery of 800 documents in the eleven caves on the northwest shores of the Dead Sea is one of the most sensational archeological discoveries in the Holy Land to date. These three volumes, the very best of critical scholarship, demonstrate in detail how the scrolls have revolutionized our knowledge of the text of the Bible, the character of Second Temple Judaism, and the Jewish beginnings of Christianity.
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The Scrolls and Christian Origins
The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls
Volume Three The Scrolls and Christian Origins E DITED BY JAMES H. CHARLESWORTH THE SECOND PRINCETON SYMPOSIUM ON JUDAISM AND CHRISTIAN ORIGINS
BAYLOR UNIVERSITY PRESS WACO, TEXAS
© 2006 by Baylor University Press Waco, Texas 76798 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of Baylor University Press. Book Design by Scribe, Inc. (www.scribenet.com) Cover Design by Brion Sausser
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Princeton Symposium on Judaism and Christian Origins (2nd : 1997 : Princeton Theological Seminary) The Bible and the Dead Sea scrolls / edited by James H. Charlesworth. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-932792-19-8 (v. 1 : hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-932792-75-9 (v. 1 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-932792-20-1 (v. 2 : hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-932792-76-7 (v. 2 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-932792-21-X (v. 3 : hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-932792-77-5 (v. 3 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-93279234-1 (set : hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-932792-78-3 (set : pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Dead Sea scrolls—Congresses. 2. Bible.—Criticism, interpretation, etc.— Congresses. 3. Qumran community—Congresses. 4. Christianity—Origin— Congresses. 5. Dead Sea scrolls—Relation to the New Testament—Congresses. I. Charlesworth, James H. II. Title. BM487.P855 2006 296.1'55—dc22 2006006943
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
CONTENTS Chapter 1
John the Baptizer and the Dead Sea Scrolls........................1 James H. Charlesworth Chapter 2 The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Historical Jesus ................37 Richard A. Horsley Chapter 3 The Future of a Religious Past: Qumran and the Palestinian Jesus Movement..................61 Donald H. Juel Chapter 4 The Synoptic Gospels and the Dead Sea Scrolls ..............75 Craig A. Evans Chapter 5 A Study in Shared Symbolism and Language: The Qumran Community and the Johannine Community ......................................................97 James H. Charlesworth Chapter 6 The Impact of Selected Qumran Texts on the Understanding of Pauline Theology ..................153 Heinz-Wolfgang Kuhn Chapter 7 Qumran’s Some Works of Torah (4Q394–399 [4QMMT]) and Paul’s Galatians ..............187 James D. G. Dunn and James H. Charlesworth Chapter 8 How the Scrolls Impacted Scholarship on Hebrews ......203 Harold W. Attridge Chapter 9 The Dream of a New Jerusalem at Qumran ..................231 Adela Yarbro Collins Chapter 10 The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Apocalypse of John ........255 Loren L. Johns Chapter 11 About the Differing Approach to a Theological Heritage: Comments on the Relationship Between the Gospel of John, the Gospel of Thomas, and Qumran ..................................281 Enno E. Popkes
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Chapter 12 Economic Justice and Nonretaliation in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Implications for New Testament Interpretation ........................................319 Gordon M. Zerbe Chapter 13 Atonement: Qumran and the New Testament ..............357 Paul Garnet Chapter 14 “The Coming of the Righteous One” in 1 Enoch, Qumran, and the New T