Cratons and Fold Belts of India, is a unique attempt at presenting geological characteristics and evolution of the fold belts and the cratonic areas of the Indian shield. The author has evaluated the different evolutionary models for each fold belt in light of all the currently available geological and geochronological informations that are clearly listed. Shortcomings, if any, of each model are stated and a viable geodynamic model is presented for each fold belt. The book is self-contained--it includes an introduction to the processes of mountain building, especially plate tectonics theory with its application to the evolution of the Himalaya as an illustrative example—so that the reader can better appreciate the novel approach to the evolution of Proterozoic fold belts. The author eschews a detailed account of the fold belts for a clear description of all the concepts that go into building models. It is primarily written for graduate students, teachers and for those geoscientists who aspire to know all about the Indian shield.
Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences Editors: J. Reitner, Göttingen M. H. Trauth, Potsdam K. Stüwe, Graz D. Yuen, USA Founding Editors: G. M. Friedman, Brooklyn and Troy A. Seilacher, Tübingen and Yale
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Ram S. Sharma
Cratons and Fold Belts of India
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Prof. Dr. Ram S. Sharma University of Rajasthan Dept. Geology Jaipur-302004 India sharma.
[email protected]
ISSN 0930-0317 ISBN 978-3-642-01458-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-01459-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-01459-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926971 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Bauer, Thomas Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Cover Page Abbreviations
Blue Areas Are Fold Belts AFB Delhi FB DFB EGMB MFB PMB Satpura FB SFB SKFB
Aravalli Fold Belt Delhi Fold Belt Dongargarh Fold Belt Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt Mahakoshal Fold Belt Pandyan Mobile Belt Satpura Fold Belt Singhbhum Fold Belt Sakoli Fold Belt
Orange Areas Are Cratons BC BKC BGC CGC EDC MGC SBC WDC
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Bastar Craton Bundelkhand Craton (massif) Banded Gneissic Complex Chhotanagpur Granite-Gneiss Complex Eastern Dharwar Craton Meghalaya Craton Singhbhum Craton Western Dharwar Craton
A hundred times a day I remind myself that my inner and outer lives are based on the labors of other people, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. Albert Einstein
Dedicated to the memory of my sister Rajbai and her mother-in-law Bhoribai whose benevolence and guardianship helped me attain what I could.
Foreword
Professor Ram Swaroop Sharma whom I affectionately address as Bhratashri has asked me